1.1 这些测试方法提供了确定双端多结光伏（PV）器件（包括电池和组件）的电气性能和光谱响应所需的特殊技术。 1.2 这些测试方法是对测试方法定义的单结器件程序的修改和扩展 E948 , E1021 和 E1036 . 1.3 这些试验方法不包括光谱响应和电流-电压（I-V）测量的温度和辐照度校正。试验方法中提供了此类校正程序 E948 , E1021 和 E1036 . 1.4 这些测试方法可用于集中器应用的电池和模块。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 在串联多结光伏器件中，入射总辐照度和光谱辐照度决定了哪个组件电池将产生最小的光电流，从而限制通过整个串联器件的电流。这种电流限制行为也会影响器件的填充因子。因此，需要特殊技术来测量所需报告条件下多结器件的正确I-V特性（见测试方法 E1036 ). 4.2 这些测试方法使用了一个称为电流平衡的数字参数，该参数衡量测试条件与所需报告条件的复制程度。 当电流平衡偏离单位超过0.03时，测量的不确定度可能会增加。 4.3 单个组件电池中的电流限制效应可能会导致不同温度和辐照度条件下的I-V曲线转换出现问题，例如测试方法中建议的转换 E1036 . 例如，如果随着辐照度的变化，不同的组件电池成为限制电池，则可能会观察到电流与辐照度特性的不连续性。因此，建议在接近预期报告条件的温度和辐照度条件下测量多结器件的I-V特性。 4.4 一些多结器件有两个以上的端子，允许与每个元件单元进行电气连接。在这些情况下，不需要光谱响应测量的特殊技术，因为可以单独测量组成单元。然而，如果设备打算作为双终端设备运行，则仍然需要这些I-V技术。 4.5 使用这些测试方法，通常在测试中的单个组件电池在低于以下水平的照明下测量光谱响应 E o . 光谱响应的非线性可能会导致测量结果与实际使用条件下照明水平下的光谱响应不同。

1.1 These test methods provide special techniques needed to determine the electrical performance and spectral response of two-terminal, multijunction photovoltaic (PV) devices, both cell and modules. 1.2 These test methods are modifications and extensions of the procedures for single-junction devices defined by Test Methods E948 , E1021 , and E1036 . 1.3 These test methods do not include temperature and irradiance corrections for spectral response and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Procedures for such corrections are available in Test Methods E948 , E1021 , and E1036 . 1.4 These test methods may be applied to cells and modules intended for concentrator applications. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 In a series-connected multijunction PV device, the incident total and spectral irradiance determines which component cell will generate the smallest photocurrent and thus limit the current through the entire series-connected device. This current-limiting behavior also affects the fill factor of the device. Because of this, special techniques are needed to measure the correct I-V characteristics of multijunction devices under the desired reporting conditions (see Test Methods E1036 ). 4.2 These test methods use a numerical parameter called the current balance which is a measure of how well the test conditions replicate the desired reporting conditions. When the current balance deviates from unity by more than 0.03, the uncertainty of the measurement may be increased. 4.3 The effects of current limiting in individual component cells can cause problems for I-V curve translations to different temperature and irradiance conditions, such as the translations recommended in Test Methods E1036 . For example, if a different component cell becomes the limiting cell as the irradiance is varied, a discontinuity in the current versus irradiance characteristic may be observed. For this reason, it is recommended that I-V characteristics of multijunction devices be measured at temperature and irradiance conditions close to the desired reporting conditions. 4.4 Some multijunction devices have more than two terminals which allow electrical connections to each component cell. In these cases, the special techniques for spectral response measurements are not needed because the component cells can be measured individually. However, these I-V techniques are still needed if the device is intended to be operated as a two-terminal device. 4.5 Using these test methods, the spectral response is typically measured while the individual component cell under test is illuminated at levels that are less than E o . Nonlinearity of the spectral response may cause the measured results to differ from the spectral response at the illumination levels of actual use conditions.