ISO 18415:2017给出了检测和鉴定化妆品中特定微生物以及检测和鉴定化妆品中其他种类需氧嗜温非特定微生物的一般指南。 根据国家惯例或法规，本文件中规定的微生物可能因国家而异。被认为是特定微生物的大多数包括以下物种中的一种或多种:铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌。 为了确保消费者的产品质量和安全，建议进行适当的微生物风险分析，以确定本文件适用的化妆品类型。被认为具有低微生物风险的产品（参见ISO 29621）包括具有低水活度的产品、水醇产品、极端pH值等。 本文所述的方法基于在适于检测微生物污染的非选择性液体培养基(富集肉汤)中检测微生物生长，随后在非选择性琼脂培养基上分离微生物。根据所需的检测水平，其他方法可能是合适的。 在ISO 18415:2017中，给出了鉴别铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的具体适应症。在本文所述条件下生长的其他微生物可以根据一般方案(参见附录A)通过使用合适的测试来鉴定。其他标准(例如ISO 18416、ISO 21150、ISO 22717、ISO 22718)可能是合适的。 由于该应用领域内的化妆品种类繁多，因此该方法可能不是在每个细节上都适合于某些产品(例如某些与水不混溶的产品)。其他方法（例如自动化方法）可以替代此处提供的测试，前提是它们的等效性已经被证明或者该方法已经被证明是合适的。

ISO 18415:2017 gives general guidelines for the detection and identification of specified microorganisms in cosmetic products as well as for the detection and identification of other kinds of aerobic mesophilic non-specified microorganisms in cosmetic products. Microorganisms considered as specified in this document might differ from country to country according to national practices or regulations. Most of them considered as specified microorganisms include one or more of the following species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In order to ensure product quality and safety for consumers, it is advisable to perform an appropriate microbiological risk analysis to determine the types of cosmetic products to which this document is applicable. Products considered to present a low microbiological risk (see ISO 29621) include those with low water activity, hydro-alcoholic products, extreme pH values, etc. The method described in this document is based on the detection of microbial growth in a non-selective liquid medium (enrichment broth) suitable to detect microbial contamination, followed by isolation of microorganisms on non-selective agar media. Other methods can be appropriate depending on the level of detection required. In ISO 18415:2017 specific indications are given for identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Other microorganisms that grow under the conditions described in this document may be identified by using suitable tests according to a general scheme (see Annex A). Other standards (e.g. ISO 18416, ISO 21150, ISO 22717, ISO 22718) may be appropriate. Because of the large variety of cosmetic products within this field of application, this method might not be suited in every detail to some products (e.g. certain water-immiscible products). Other methods (e.g. automated) can be substituted for the tests presented here provided that their equivalence has been demonstrated or the method has been otherwise shown to be suitable.