1.1 这些规程涵盖了用于确定液体颗粒清洁度的取样程序和部件的液体样品。为了涵盖各种各样的配置，在组件几何形状的基础上开发了三种实践，即A、B和C。这些做法确立了用于制定特定成分取样详细程序的指南。 注1: 这些实践中使用的术语清洁度是指液体中的固体颗粒。它通常不包括其他异物，如气体、液体和化学降解产物。关于颗粒污染的清洁度不一定表示其他类型的污染。 1.2 所有组件，无论应用场合如何，都可以进行测试( 1. )所选择的流体介质与测试部件和测试设备中使用的材料、填料和流体完全兼容，以及( 2. )根据制造商的建议和预防措施处理流体。应使用液体作为试验流体介质。这些试验流体可以是冲洗、漂洗、包装、最终用途操作液或最终用途操作流体的合适替代品。( 警告-- 通过真空吸尘器技术（用于洁净室服装和大型储罐）对表面清洁度进行采样的实践对气态流体进行采样并处理氧化剂、酸、推进剂等危险流体，不在所述实践的范围内； 然而，它们可能会在以后的附录或单独的实践中包含。 对于使用危险最终产品流体的部件，建议使用替代流体代替最终产品流体进行预装配清洁度测定。在获得样品后，必须将替代流体从测试部件上完全清除，并特别注意截留流体的可能性。使用替代流体测试组装零件是危险的，因为流体可能被困在死端、密封件后面等。） 注2: 除非另有说明，否则这些实践中使用的“流体”一词应假定为液体。 1.3 带有或不带有活动部件的组件的清洁度可在测试时确定； 然而，在测试过程中，内部零部件的移动将产生未知数量的磨损污染。实践B涵盖了需要动态驱动才能获得样品的配置。这种做法没有区分内置颗粒和磨损颗粒。 注3: 定义允许的清洁度限制不在这些实践的范围内。 1.4 包括的三种做法如下: 章节 实施规程A-静态流体取样（从供分析的试样中提取流体的方法。该方法适用于具有可提取流体的空腔的部件） 5– 13 实施规程B——流动流体取样（从供分析的试样中冲洗污染物的方法。这适用于流体可以通过的部件( 1. )直接通过，或( 2. )骑车进出） 14– 22 规程C——冲洗液取样（冲洗试样表面污染物的方法。对冲洗液进行污染分析。这适用于没有流体腔或由于其他原因不适用于规程a和B的部件） 23– 31 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 7.1 尽管对测试部件进行了清洁操作，但本规程无意将其作为清洁程序。每次连续测试后，部件通常更清洁；因此，重复试验可以用来确定给定部件的工艺极限( 图4 )。指定清洁度限制的机构必须提供一组特定的测试参数。 图1 ， 图2 和 图3 可以用作建立测试流体、振动、提取和分析的期望参数的指南。 图4 每次测试运行的污染与连续测试运行次数 7.2 中的曲线 图4 显示了连续几次清洁度测试时组件的典型行为。 稳定通常发生在连续第五次运行之前。稳定区域从通过最大稳定值的水平线与曲线相交的地方开始。 7.3 测试部件的允许清洁度限值应基于其将要使用的系统的清洁度要求，并且指定值应大于最大稳定值。在定义允许清洁度限值时，一个重要的考虑因素是，随着允许限值接近稳定值，结果的准确性会降低。

1.1 These practices cover sampling procedures for use in determining the particle cleanliness of liquids and liquid samples from components. Three practices, A, B, and C, have been developed on the basis of component geometry in order to encompass the wide variety of configurations. These practices establish guidelines to be used in preparing detailed procedures for sampling specific components. Note 1: The term cleanliness used in these practices refers to solid particles in the liquid. It does not generally cover other foreign matter such as gases, liquids, and products of chemical degradation. Cleanliness with respect to particulate contamination does not necessarily give any indication of the other types of contamination. 1.2 All components, regardless of application, may be tested provided ( 1 ) the fluid medium selected is completely compatible with the materials, packing and fluid used in the test component, and test apparatus, and ( 2 ) the fluid is handled in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and precautions. A liquid shall be used as the test fluid medium. These test fluids may be flushing, rinsing, packing, end use operating, or suitable substitutes for end use operating fluids. ( Warning— Practices for sampling surface cleanliness by the vacuum cleaner technique (used on clean room garments and large storage tanks) sampling gaseous fluids and handling hazardous fluids such as oxidizers, acids, propellants, and so forth, are not within the scope of the practices presented; however, they may be included in addendums or separate practices at a later date. Substitute fluids are recommended in place of end item fluids for preassembly cleanliness determinations on components using hazardous end item fluids. After obtaining the sample, the substitute fluid must be totally removed from the test part with particular caution given to the possibility of trapped fluid. It is hazardous to use a substitute fluid for testing assembled parts where the fluid can be trapped in dead ends, behind seals, and so forth.) Note 2: The word fluid used in these practices shall be assumed to be a liquid, unless otherwise stated. 1.3 The cleanliness of assemblies with or without moving parts may be determined at the time of test; however, movement of internal component parts during the test will create unknown quantities of contamination from wear. Practice B covers configurations requiring dynamic actuation to achieve a sample. The practice does not differentiate between built-in particles and wear particles. Note 3: Defining allowable cleanliness limits is not within the scope of these practices. 1.4 The three practices included are as follows: Sections Practice A—Static Fluid Sampling (Method for extracting fluid from the test article for analysis. This applies to components that have a cavity from which fluid may be extracted) 5 – 13 Practice B—Flowing Fluid Sampling (Method for flushing contaminants from the test article for analysis. This applies to components which fluid can pass ( 1 ) directly through, or ( 2 ) pass into and out of by cycling) 14 – 22 Practice C—Rinse Fluid Sampling (Method for rinsing contaminants from the test article's surfaces. The rinse fluid is analyzed for contamination. This applies to components that do not have a fluid cavity or for other reasons are not adaptable to Practices A and B) 23 – 31 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 7.1 Although a cleaning action is imparted to the test component, it is not the intent of this practice to serve as a cleaning procedure. Components are normally cleaner after each consecutive test; thus repeated tests may be used to establish process limits for a given component ( Fig. 4 ). A specific set of test parameters must be supplied by the agency specifying cleanliness limits. Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , and Fig. 3 may be used as a guide to establish the desired parameters of test fluid, vibration, extraction, and analysis. FIG. 4 Contamination per Test Run Versus Consecutive Test Run Number 7.2 The curve in Fig. 4 shows the typical behavior of a component when tested for cleanliness several consecutive times. Stabilization generally occurs before the fifth successive run. The stabilized region starts where a horizontal line through the maximum stabilized value intersects the curve. 7.3 The allowable cleanliness limit of a test component should be based on the cleanliness requirements of the system in which it will be used, and the assigned value should be greater than the maximum stabilized value. When defining the allowable cleanliness limits, an important consideration is that the accuracy of the results decreases as the allowable limit value approaches the stabilized value.