对清洁宜居环境的追求推动了工业和制造业废物处理技术的发展。金属表面处理废物包括化学品拖出物和废化学品/加工槽（溶液）产生的废物和废水。这些废物流中的每一种都需要特定的化学处理。每个处理序列的化学应用取决于化合物的化学计量反应性及其离子电势。应用的沉淀和絮凝是有效处理废物和去除有毒成分所使用和需要的常见技术。

THE QUEST FOR A CLEAN AND HABITABLE ENVIRONMENT HAS PROMPTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR, AMONG OTHER THINGS, INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING WASTES. METAL FINISHING WASTES INCORPORATE WASTES AND WASTEWATERS FROM CHEMICAL DRAG-OUTS AND SPENT CHEMICAL/PROCESSING BATHS (SOLUTIONS). EACH OF THESE WASTE STREAMS REQUIRES SPECIFIC TREATMENT CHEMISTRIES. THE CHEMICAL APPLICATION FOR EACH TREATMENT TRAIN IS SUBJECT TO THE COMPOUND'S STOICHIOMETRIC REACTIVITY AND ITS IONIC POTENTIAL. THE APPLIED PRECIPITATION AND FLOCCULATION ARE COMMONPLACE TECHNOLOGIES USED AND NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE WASTE TREATMENT AND REMOVAL OF TOXIC CONSTITUENTS.