1.1 这些测试方法 2 涵盖钢、不锈钢和相关合金机械测试的程序和定义。本文所述的各种机械测试用于确定产品规格中要求的性能。应避免测试方法的变化，并应遵循标准测试方法以获得可重复和可比较的结果。如果某些产品的测试要求是独特的或与这些通用程序不一致，则应以产品质量标准测试要求为准。 1.2 描述了以下机械测试: 章节 张力 7 到 14 弯曲 15 硬度 16 布里内尔 17 罗克韦尔 18 便携式 19 影响 20 到 30 关键词 32 1.3 这些试验方法附有涵盖某些产品特有细节的附件，如下所示:Annex 酒吧产品 附件A1 管状产品 附件A2 紧固件 附件A3 圆线产品 附件A4 缺口棒冲击试验的意义 附件A5 将圆形试样的伸长率百分比转换为 扁平试样的等效物 附件A6 测试多线束 Annex A7 试验数据四舍五入 附件A8 钢筋试验方法 Annex A9 热循环模拟的使用和控制程序 附件A10 1.4 以英寸-磅单位表示的值应被视为标准值。括号中给出的值是对SI单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.5 当在公制产品规范中引用这些测试方法时，屈服值和拉伸值可以以英寸-磅(ksi)单位确定，然后转换为SI(MPa)单位。伸长率以2英寸的英寸-磅标距长度确定。或8英寸。如适用，可分别以50 mm或200 mm的SI单位标距长度报告。相反，当在英寸-磅产品规格中引用这些测试方法时，屈服值和拉伸值可以以SI单位确定，然后转换成英寸-磅单位。以50毫米或200毫米的SI单位标距长度确定的伸长率可以以2英寸-磅标距长度报告。或8英寸，如适用。 1.5.1 用于确定原始单位的试样必须符合尺寸表中给出的原始单位系统的适用公差，而不是转换后的公差尺寸。 附注1: 这是因为当这不是双重标准时，样品SI尺寸和公差很难转换。用户将被引导至测试方法 A1058 如果需要以SI单位进行测试。 1.6 当可能需要关于测试实验室评估标准的信息时，请注意ISO/IEC 17025。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。======意义和用途====== 4.1 这些测试方法的主要用途是测试确定钢、不锈钢和相关合金产品的规定机械性能，以评估此类产品是否符合ASTM委员会A01及其由买方在采购订单或合同中指定的小组委员会管辖的材料规范。 4.1.1 这些测试方法可以被其他ASTM委员会和其他标准编写机构用于一致性测试。 4.1.2 测试时的材料状况、取样频率、样品位置和方向、报告要求和其他测试参数包含在相关材料质量标准或特定产品形式的一般要求质量标准中。4.1.3 一些材料规格要求使用本文未描述的附加测试方法；在这种情况下，所需的测试方法在该材料质量标准中描述或参考另一适当的测试方法标准。 4.2 这些测试方法也适用于用于其他目的的钢、不锈钢和相关合金材料的测试，如买方的来料验收测试或部件暴露后的评估。 4.2.1 与任何机械测试一样，除了原始成品的缺陷之外，还可能由于有效原因而偏离质量标准限值或预期的成品性能。这些原因包括但不限于:环境暴露(例如，温度、腐蚀)引起的后续服务退化；静态或循环使用应力效应、机械引起的损坏、材料不均匀性、各向异性结构、选定合金的自然老化、规范中未包括的进一步加工、取样限制和测量设备校准不确定性。在机械测试的所有方面都存在统计学差异，并且预期测试结果与先前测试的差异。在解释测试结果时，应了解偏离规定或预期测试值的可能原因。

1.1 These test methods 2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control. 1.2 The following mechanical tests are described: Sections Tension 7 to 14 Bend 15 Hardness 16 Brinell 17 Rockwell 18 Portable 19 Impact 20 to 30 Keywords 32 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows: Annex Bar Products Annex A1 Tubular Products Annex A2 Fasteners Annex A3 Round Wire Products Annex A4 Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5 Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Equivalents for Flat Specimens Annex A6 Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7 Rounding of Test Data Annex A8 Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9 Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation Annex A10 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 mm or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when these test methods are referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 mm or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in., respectively, as applicable. 1.5.1 The specimen used to determine the original units must conform to the applicable tolerances of the original unit system given in the dimension table not that of the converted tolerance dimensions. Note 1: This is due to the specimen SI dimensions and tolerances being hard conversions when this is not a dual standard. The user is directed to Test Methods A1058 if the tests are required in SI units. 1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract. 4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing. 4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form. 4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard. 4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure. 4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testing and variations in test results from prior tests are expected. An understanding of possible reasons for deviation from specified or expected test values should be applied in interpretation of test results.