在金属电镀、氯碱生产和其他电解操作中，硬水中存在的钙盐造成的污垢已被证明是很麻烦的。也许具有讽刺意味的是，这种经典的麻烦包括在整个大型现实世界循环水系统中有效控制麻烦沉积的机制；有效建立环境效益和经济效益的水处理新策略。电解过程可用于所有类型的蒸发冷却系统，以产生现场化学和物理活动，完全控制硬水沉积，并将腐蚀和生物污染降至最低。这是在没有传统的化学处理或水调节的情况下完成的，同时也允许大幅减少冷却系统的排放。单位: 双重引证:阿什雷交易，第115卷，pt。2009年1月1日，芝加哥

Fouling due to calcium salts present in hard water has proven historically troublesome in metal plating, chlor-alkali production, and other electrolytic operations. It is perhaps ironic, this classical nuisance includes mechanisms for effective control of troublesome deposition throughout large, realworld recirculating water systems; effectively establishing a new water treatment strategy of environmental and economic benefit. An electrolytic process can be employed for evaporative cooling systems of all types to generate in-situ chemistry and physical activity totally controlling hard-water deposits and minimizing both corrosion and biofouling. This is accomplished without classical chemical treatment or water conditioning while also allowing substantial reduction in cooling system bleedoff.Units: Dual