本文描述了设计用于分析重要饮用水成分的测试试剂盒评估研究的概念框架。对自来水中铅的商业分析试剂盒进行了评估，并与标准石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法（GFAAS）技术进行了比较。试剂盒相对没有操作员偏差，在加标去离子水中的检测限为4微克/升。在试剂盒的检测限以上，当分析三份样品时，准确度与石墨炉原子吸收法相当。试剂盒的相对精密度因浓度而异。试剂盒的绝对精度在10到100 ug/L之间约为正负3 ug/L。发现锌、铁（Fe（II））、多磷酸盐种类和正磷酸盐的某些浓度阈值存在显著干扰。高浓度的铝和氯化物降低了方法的精度。 本文介绍了几项操作更改，以提高现场和实验室使用的测试试剂盒的精度和准确性。包括13个参考文献、表格和图。

This article describes a conceptual framework for designing evaluation studies of test kits for the analysis of significant drinking water constituents. A commercial test kit for the analysis of lead in tap waters was evaluated and compared with a standard graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) technique. The kit was relatively free of operator bias and had a detection limit of 4 ug/L in spiked deionized water. Above the detection limit of the kit, accuracy was comparable to that of GFAAS when samples were analyzed in triplicate. The relative precision of the kit varied with concentration. The absolute precision of the kit was about plus or minus 3 ug/L from 10 to 100 ug/L. Significant interferences were found for certain concentration thresholds of zinc, iron (Fe(II)), polyphosphate species, and orthophosphate. High concentrations of aluminum and chloride reduced method precision. Several operational changes are presented that improve precision and accuracy of the test kit for field and laboratory use. Includes 13 references, tables, figures.