IEC 60565-1:20 20规定了水听器以及可用作水听器（接收器）和/或投影仪（源换能器）的单个电声换能器的自由场校准的方法和程序。本文件涵盖了两种一般类型的校准:使用三换能器球面波互易方法的绝对校准，以及通过与已经是绝对校准对象的参考设备进行比较的相对校准。 本文件中规定的方法的最大频率范围为200 Hz至1 MHz。应用的最低声学频率将取决于许多因素，并且通常在200Hz至5kHz的范围内，主要取决于所选择的测试设备的尺寸，这里描述的方法的最高应用频率是1MHz。低频压力水听器校准程序可在IEC 60565 2[1]中找到。IEC 62127-2[2]涵盖了声频大于1 MHz的水听器校准程序。 本文件范围不包括IEC 60565-2[1]中描述的水听器的低频压力校准。还排除了数字水听器和系统的校准、海洋自主声学记录器的校准、诸如粒子速度传感器和压力梯度水听器的声学矢量传感器的校准、由多个水听器组成的被动声纳阵列的校准以及由投影仪和水听器组成的主动声纳阵列的校准。 本文件描述了测试设施、设备和仪器、信号处理和频率限制方面的自由场校准要求。提供了可实现的不确定性的描述和用于呈现校准数据的规则。还包括提供额外指导的信息性附件 ？测量水听器或投影仪的方向响应， ？水听器和投影仪的电阻抗测量， ？电气负载校正， ？水声校准中的声学远场判据， ？自由场校准中的脉冲技术， ？水听器和投影仪自由场校准的不确定度评估， ？三换能器球面波互易校准公式的推导， ？使用行波管进行校准， ？使用光学干涉测量法校准水听器，以及 ？使用连续信号在混响水箱中进行校准。IEC 60565-1:20 20与IEC 60565-2:20 19一起取消并取代了2006年发布的IEC 60565第二版。本版构成技术修订版。 与上一版相比，此版本包括以下重大技术变更: 1)删除水听器压力校准方法的所有描述-这些现在包括在第2部分中； 2)删除自由场互易性校准公式（幅度灵敏度和相位灵敏度）的推导，并将其放入信息性附件中； 3)包括在单个源换能器和水听器（但不包括声纳阵列）的发射响应的校准范围内； 4)重新排序文件中的章节，以便更通用的校准程序，例如获得无声学条件的指南-场、远场和稳态，出现在绝对或相对校准程序的描述之前； 5)修订资料性附件A，纳入水听器或投影仪定向响应测量指南； 6）增加了关于水听器和投影仪电阻抗测量的新信息性附件B； 7)修订之前关于电气负载修正的信息性附件，以包括考虑添加电缆的电气负载的修正（现为附件C）； 8)增加了关于水声校准中声学远场标准的新信息性附件D； 9)修订之前关于自由场校准中脉冲技术的信息附件（现为附件E）； 10）修订以前关于水听器校准不确定度评估的资料性附件（现为附件F）；11)删除之前关于用振动柱校准的激励系统等效电路的信息附件； 12)增加了关于三换能器球面波互易校准公式推导的新信息性附录G； 13)增加了关于使用行波管进行校准的新的信息性附件H； 14)增加了关于使用光学干涉测量法校准水听器的新信息性附件I。 15)添加了关于使用连续信号在混响水箱中进行校准的新信息性附录J。

IEC 60565-1:2020 specifies methods and procedures for free-field calibration of hydrophones, as well as individual electroacoustic transducers that can be used as hydrophones (receivers) and/or projectors (source transducers). Two general types of calibration are covered within this document: absolute calibration using the method of three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity, and relative calibration by comparison with a reference device which has already been the subject of an absolute calibration.
The maximum frequency range of the methods specified in this document is from 200 Hz to 1 MHz. The lowest acoustic frequency of application will depend on a number of factors, and will typically be in the range 200 Hz to 5 kHz depending mainly on the dimensions of the chosen test facility, The highest frequency of application for the methods described here is 1 MHz.
Procedures for pressure hydrophone calibration at low frequencies can be found in IEC 60565 2 [1]. Procedures for hydrophone calibration at acoustic frequencies greater than 1 MHz are covered by IEC 62127-2 [2].
Excluded from the scope of this document are low-frequency pressure calibrations of hydrophones, which are described in IEC 60565-2 [1]. Also excluded are calibrations of digital hydrophones and systems, calibration of marine autonomous acoustic recorders, calibration of acoustic vector sensors such as particle velocity sensors and pressure gradient hydrophones, calibration of passive sonar arrays consisting of multiple hydrophones, and calibration of active sonar arrays consisting of projectors and hydrophones.
This document presents a description of the requirements for free-field calibration in terms of test facility, equipment and instrumentation, signal processing, and frequency limitations. A description of achievable uncertainty and rules for the presentation of the calibration data are provided. Also included are informative annexes that provide additional guidance on
？ measurement of directional response of a hydrophone or projector,
？ measurement of electrical impedance of hydrophones and projectors,
？ electrical loading corrections,
？ acoustic far-field criteria in underwater acoustic calibration,
？ pulsed techniques in free-field calibrations,
？ assessment of uncertainty in the free-field calibration of hydrophones and projectors,
？ derivation of the formulae for three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity calibrations,
？ calibration using travelling-wave tubes,
？ calibration of hydrophones using optical interferometry, and
？ calibrations in reverberant water tanks using continuous signals.
IEC 60565-1:2020 together with IEC 60565-2:2019, cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60565 published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
1) removal of all descriptions of methods for pressure calibrations of hydrophones – these are now included in Part 2;
2) removal of the derivations of formulae for free-field reciprocity calibration (both amplitude sensitivity and phase sensitivity) and placement of these into an informative annex;
3) inclusion within the scope of the calibration of the transmitting response of individual source transducers and hydrophones (but not sonar arrays);
4) re-ordering of the sections within the document such that the more general procedures for calibration such as guidance on obtaining conditions of acoustic free-field, far-field, and steady-state, appear before the descriptions of procedures for absolute or relative calibrations;
5) revision of informative Annex A to include guidance on measurement of directional response of a hydrophone or projector;
6) addition of a new informative Annex B on measurement of electrical impedance of hydrophones and projectors;
7) revision of the previous informative annex on electrical loading corrections to include corrections to account for electrical loading by added cables (now Annex C);
8) addition of a new informative Annex D on acoustic far-field criteria in underwater acoustic calibration;
9) revision of the previous informative annex on pulsed techniques in free-field calibrations (now Annex E);
10) revision of the previous informative annex on assessment of uncertainty in the calibration of hydrophones (now Annex F);
11) deletion of the previous informative annex on equivalent circuit of the excitation system for calibration with a vibrating column;
12) addition of a new informative Annex G on derivation of the formulae for three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity calibration;
13) addition of a new informative Annex H on calibration using travelling-wave tubes;
14) addition of a new informative Annex I on calibration of hydrophones using optical interferometry.
15) addition of a new informative Annex J on calibration in reverberant water tanks using continuous signals.