第1部分:d/d小于等于1.00的圆柱形容器中隔离喷嘴的内压设计:第1号报告:圆柱形容器中隔离喷嘴的内压设计规范在过去30年中，积累了大量信息，表明在某些应用中，面积置换概念过于保守。这种过度的保守主义从两个方面增加了成本:（1）加强件包含的金属比需要的更多，（2）需要更多的焊接。增加的焊接可能更重要；不仅在焊接过程中，而且在随后的检查（如射线照片、超声波）和不可接受缺陷的修复过程中。喷嘴设计的保守方法也会影响现有容器的重新评级。之前关于该主题的公告《焊接研究委员会公告335》讨论了喷嘴和支管接头的更换问题。 在WRC 335出版后，第八节第1部分附录1-7中增加了第1-7（b）段，并提供了关于圆柱形容器喷嘴线弹性应力的其他数据来源。这项工作的基础是，需要对大直径开口制定更好的规则，以及改进非径向喷嘴的设计方法。本公告由两份报告组成。E.Rodabaugh的第一篇文章回顾了现有规范和标准中的设计要求，包括选定的外国规范。通过与试验数据和弹性有限元结果的比较，对设计准则进行了评估。对径向和非径向开口提出了改进当前设计规则的建议。评估包括喷嘴直径与容器直径之比为1的喷嘴几何形状。 0.中国南京大学桑教授的第二份报告提供了带有径向和非径向喷嘴的全仪表压力容器在承受内压时的实验数据。这些容器因受压而失效。应变片数据很好地进入了非弹性状态，为弹塑性有限元分析的验证提供了实验依据。第2部分:d/d小于等于1.00的圆柱形容器中隔离喷嘴的内压设计:第1号报告:圆柱形容器中隔离喷嘴的内压设计规范在过去30年中，积累了大量信息，表明在某些应用中，面积置换概念过于保守。这种过度保守主义从两个方面增加了成本: （1） 钢筋中的金属含量超过需要，（2）需要更多的焊接。增加的焊接可能更重要；不仅在焊接过程中，而且在随后的检查（如射线照片、超声波）和不可接受缺陷的修复过程中。喷嘴设计的保守方法也会影响现有容器的重新评级。之前关于该主题的公告《焊接研究委员会公告335》讨论了喷嘴和支管接头的更换问题。在WRC 335出版后，第八节第1部分附录1-7中增加了第1-7（b）段，并提供了关于圆柱形容器喷嘴线弹性应力的其他数据来源。需要对大直径开口制定更好的规则，以及改进非金属开口的设计方法- 径向喷嘴是这项工作的基础。本公告由两份报告组成。E.Rodabaugh的第一篇文章回顾了现有规范和标准中的设计要求，包括选定的外国规范。通过与试验数据和弹性有限元结果的比较，对设计准则进行了评估。对径向和非径向开口提出了改进当前设计规则的建议。评估包括喷嘴直径与容器直径之比为1.0的喷嘴几何形状。中国南京大学桑教授的第二份报告提供了完全仪表化的压力容器的实验数据，该压力容器包括承受内压的径向和非径向喷嘴。这些容器因受压而失效。应变片数据很好地进入了非弹性状态，为弹性力学的验证提供了实验依据- 塑性有限元分析。

Part 1: Internal Pressure Design Of Isolated Nozzles In Cylindrical Vessels With d/D Up To And Including 1.00: Report No. 1: Code Rules For Internal Pressure Design Of Isolated Nozzles In Cylindrical VesselsDuring the past 30 years, a substantial amount of information has accumulated which indicates that the area-replacement concept, in some applications, is excessively conservative. This excess conservatism increases cost in two ways: (1) the reinforcements contain more metal than needed, and (2) more welding is required. The added welding is probably the more significant; not only in the welding itself but in subsequent inspections (e.g. radiograph, ultrasonic) and repairs of unacceptable flaws. The conservative approach to nozzle design also affects the re-rating of existing vessels. A previous bulletin on this subject, Welding Research Council Bulletin 335, addressed the area of replacement issue for nozzles and branch connections. Subsequent to the publication of WRC 335, paragraph 1-7(b) was added to Section VIII, Division 1 Appendix 1-7, and several additional sources of data on linear elastic stresses at nozzles in cylindrical vessels have become available. The need for better rules for large diameter openings as well as an improved design approach for non-radial nozzles is the basis for this work. This bulletin consists of two reports. The first by E. Rodabaugh is a review of design requirements in existing codes and standards, including selected foreign codes. The design criteria are evaluated by comparison with test data and elastic finite element results. Recommendations to improve the current design rules are made for both radial and non-radial openings. The evaluation includes nozzle geometries with a ratio of nozzle diameter to vessel diameter of 1.0. The second report by Professor Sang of the Nanjing University in China provides experimental data on fully instrumented pressure vessels with both radial and non-radial nozzles subjected to internal pressure. The vessels were pressurized to failure. The strain gage data goes well into the inelastic regime and provides an experimental basis for the validation of elastic-plastic finite element analysis.Part 2: Internal Pressure Design Of Isolated Nozzles In Cylindrical Vessels With d/D Up To And Including 1.00: Report No. 1: Code Rules For Internal Pressure Design Of Isolated Nozzles In Cylindrical VesselsDuring the past 30 years, a substantial amount of information has accumulated which indicates that the area-replacement concept, in some applications, is excessively conservative. This excess conservatism increases cost in two ways: (1) the reinforcements contain more metal than needed, and (2) more welding is required. The added welding is probably the more significant; not only in the welding itself but in subsequent inspections (e.g. radiograph, ultrasonic) and repairs of unacceptable flaws. The conservative approach to nozzle design also affects the re-rating of existing vessels. A previous bulletin on this subject, Welding Research Council Bulletin 335, addressed the area of replacement issue for nozzles and branch connections. Subsequent to the publication of WRC 335, paragraph 1-7(b) was added to Section VIII, Division 1 Appendix 1-7, and several additional sources of data on linear elastic stresses at nozzles in cylindrical vessels have become available. The need for better rules for large diameter openings as well as an improved design approach for non-radial nozzles is the basis for this work. This bulletin consists of two reports. The first by E. Rodabaugh is a review of design requirements in existing codes and standards, including selected foreign codes. The design criteria are evaluated by comparison with test data and elastic finite element results. Recommendations to improve the current design rules are made for both radial and non-radial openings. The evaluation includes nozzle geometries with a ratio of nozzle diameter to vessel diameter of 1.0. The second report by Professor Sang of the Nanjing University in China provides experimental data on fully instrumented pressure vessels with both radial and non-radial nozzles subjected to internal pressure. The vessels were pressurized to failure. The strain gage data goes well into the inelastic regime and provides an experimental basis for the validation of elastic-plastic finite element analysis.