在美国的许多供水设施中，铁和锰的浓度普遍超过二级最大污染物水平。许多技术被用于从水中去除铁和锰，取得了不同程度的成功，资本和运营成本也各不相同。1996年，设计并建造了一项新技术的全尺寸装置。该设施不遵循传统的氧化和过滤、“绿砂”或氧化物涂层介质处理工艺，后者已成为美国使用的主要去除方法。 该设施利用铁和锰的快速催化氧化，以及软锰矿的特殊介质特性，允许极高的过滤速率和频繁、高速率的反洗，使资本和运营成本不到传统技术成本的一半。自1996年以来，克拉克公用事业公司已经完成了另外三个使用软锰矿的全尺寸设施的建设，其过滤负荷率为10.0至15.6 gpm/sq.ft。本文介绍了这种去除方案的化学、设计、运行结果和成本。

Iron and manganese are prevalent in concentrations that exceed the secondary maximum contaminant levels in the water supply of many water utilities in the United States. Many technologies have been employed for removal of iron and manganese from water with varying degrees of success, and with varying levels of capital and operating costs. In 1996 a full scale installation of a new technology was designed and constructed. The facility does not follow the traditional oxidation and filtration, "greensand", or oxide coated media treatment processes that have become the predominant removal methods used in the United States. The facility capitalizes on the rapid catalytic oxidation of iron and manganese, and on the specific media properties of pyrolusite to allow very high filtration rates and frequent, high rate backwashes to keep capital and operating costs less than half the cost of traditional technologies. Since 1996, Clark Public Utilities has completed construction of three other full scale facilities using pyrolusite with filter loading rates of 10.0 to 15.6 gpm/sq.ft. The chemistry, design, operating results and costs of this removal alternative are presented in this paper.