1.1 本试验方法确定了打开和关闭水平和垂直滑动窗以及水平滑动门系统的操作力。它不涉及打开枢轴、凸出或其他开窗系统所需的力。本试验方法不涉及为减少滑动窗或门的操作力而安装的附加装置或机械操作器的使用或性能。它只处理通过直接对可操作的窗扇或面板施加力来打开和关闭窗扇或板所需的力。 1.2 本试验方法适用于实验室产品比较或合格产品，或两者兼而有之，以满足门窗操作力规范。该试验方法也适用于现场，以确定打开和关闭已安装的滑动窗和门所需的操作力。 1.3 以英寸-磅单位表示的数值视为标准值。括号中给出的值是数学转换为SI单位，仅供参考，不被视为标准单位。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的预防说明，请参见第节 7. . 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法通过模拟手动直接施加在可移动窗扇或面板上的力来确定滑动窗和门的操作力。分离操作力和运动操作力是衡量开窗产品易于操作的指标。产品规范、建筑规范和建筑规范规定了操作力限制，作为产品性能的衡量标准，或残疾人可达性限制，或两者兼而有之。 5.2 在某些情况下，空气渗透和水渗透的门窗性能标准要求进行操作力测量，并将其报告为试样可操作性的指示。 5.3 由于安装参数、滑动或滚动部件磨损、润滑、密封条变硬或变软以及环境因素（例如湿度、温度、污垢堆积等）等因素，操作力可能因机组而异。因此，当应用于新产品设计时，该测试方法要求在实验室中按照制造商的说明，在受控条件下对装置进行测试，包括精确安装（垂直、方形和水平）。在现场使用此测试方法并不一定表明特定窗户设计中固有的操作力，而是提供特定时间特定装置操作所需的力的测量。 用户应注意，安装缺陷（如侧柱弯曲、机架弯曲或锚固不足）可能会导致活动部件粘结或粘连，并增加操作力。 5.4 该试验方法要求测量分离和运动操作力。通常，由于静态和动态摩擦系数之间的差异或挡风雨条和窗扇凹槽的存在，分离力高于运动操作力，或两者兼而有之。传统的开窗产品标准要求确定- 仅在打开方向上的运动操作力，简称为操作力。 5.5 本试验方法旨在确定操作窗户或推拉门所需的力，这些窗户或推拉门是正确安装的，并且是通过手动向把手、拉杆或窗扇构件施加力来操作的。本试验方法不测量或评估通过猛拉或冲击运动施加的力。运动的打开和关闭方向之间的操作力可能会有显著差异；因此，该测试方法涉及两个运动方向的测量。 5.6 本试验方法提供了两个程序，包括施加和测量滑动窗或滑动门操作所需力的自重试验方法（试验方法a）和测力计试验方法（测试方法B）。当正确应用时，两种试验方法均被视为产生等效结果。自重试验方法被认为不太可能受到操作员以稳定和适当的时间方式施加荷载的技能的影响。测力仪测试方法被认为更易于应用，更适用于通常无法安装滑轮和电缆的现场测试。 这两种测试方法都有类似的不确定性。

1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows and horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other fenestration systems. This test method does not address the use or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that might be installed to reduce operating forces of sliding windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to open and close a sash or panel through the direct application of force to the operable sash or panel. 1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting window or door operating force specifications. This test method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the operating forces required to open and close installed sliding windows and doors. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method determines the operational forces of sliding windows and doors by simulating force applied by hand directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of fenestration products. Product specifications, building codes, and building specifications establish operating force limits as measures of product performance or limits for handicapped accessibility, or both. 5.2 Window and door performance standards for air infiltration and water penetration in some cases require operating force measurements to be made and reported as an indication of the operability of the test specimen. 5.3 Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of sliding or rolling parts, lubrication, stiffening or softening of weather-strip, and environmental factors (for example, humidity, temperature, accumulation of dirt, and so forth). Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test method requires that units be tested in a laboratory under controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb, square, and level) following the manufacturer's instructions. Use of this test method in the field does not necessarily indicate the operating forces that are inherent in the particular window design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces required for operation of the particular unit at the particular time. The user is cautioned that installation defects such as bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can result in binding or sticking of movable components and increased operating forces. 5.4 This test method requires measurement of both breakaway and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway force is higher than in-motion operating force due to the difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or the presence of weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both. Traditional fenestration product standards have required determination of in-motion operating force in the opening direction only and referred to this simply as operating force. 5.5 This test method is intended to determine the forces required to operate a window or sliding door which is properly installed and which is operated by hand application of force to a handle, pull bar, or sash member. Application of force through jerking or impact motion is not measured or evaluated by this test method. Operating forces can be significantly different between the opening and closing directions of movement; therefore, this test method involves measurements in both directions of movement. 5.6 This test method provides for two procedures which include a dead weight test method (Test Method A) and a force gage test method (Test Method B) of applying and measuring forces required to operate a sliding window or sliding door. When properly applied, both test methods are deemed to produce equivalent results. The dead weight test method is considered to be less likely to be affected by the operator's skill in applying loads in a steady and properly timed manner. The force gage test method is considered simpler to apply and more applicable to field testing where the installation of pulleys and cabling is often impractical. Both test methods are subject to a similar uncertainty.