甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）是一种主要的含氧化合物，用于重新配制汽油以减少烟雾。重新制定的汽油计划覆盖了18个州的32个地区，约占全美汽油使用量的30%。尽管MTBE被认为能显著减少汽油动力汽车的空气排放，但它也通过泵站意外释放汽油和地下储罐泄漏污染了供水。在美国地质学会（USGS）最近进行的一项研究中，在使用新配方汽油的地区采集的地下水样本中，有21%检测到MTBE（每升0.2微克）。最近，美国环境保护局（USEPA）建议水供应商确保MTBE水平不超过每升20-40微克，这一水平最有可能避免MTBE的味道和气味。由于其他处理技术（如活性炭和气提）在持续且经济有效地将饮用水中的MTBE降低到低浓度方面的局限性，高级氧化工艺（AOP）受到了越来越多的关注。 在最佳操作条件下，AOP可以通过化学氧化直接破坏水中的MTBE和有机污染物，而不是像气提和碳吸附那样简单地将它们从一个相转移到另一个相。基于技术和经济可行性分析，peroxone（臭氧和过氧化氢）和紫外线（UV）光催化臭氧被认为是去除MTBE最有前景的两种AOP技术。进行了大量的台架和中试试验，以评估各种水质参数（例如，总有机碳含量、碱度、pH值、溴）和AOP操作因素（例如，氧化剂剂量、接触时间、紫外线）对MTBE及其副产物还原率的影响。还进行了测试，以确定三种可用选项中最有效的紫外线应用类型:连续波低压汞蒸气灯；连续波中压汞灯； 脉冲紫外氙弧灯。为了确定各种AOP在不断变化的水质条件下的有效性，在萨福克县（低碱度和低有机含量）、迈阿密戴德（低碱度和高有机含量）、圣莫尼卡（高碱度和低有机含量）和欧文牧场（高碱度和高有机含量）加入MTBE的水域进行了测试。本文将总结正在进行的AWWARF研究的一些结果。本文将讨论臭氧和中压紫外线工艺的实验室规模试验的初步结果。使用脉冲紫外线技术的实验室规模试验的初步结果将在另一篇论文中介绍。包括3个参考文献、表格和图表。

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a principal oxygenate used in reformulated gasoline to reduce smog. The reformulated gasoline program, which accounts for approximately 30 percent of gasoline use across the United States, covers 32 areas in 18 states. Although MTBE is credited with significantly reducing air emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles, it has also contaminated water supplies through accidental gasoline releases at pump stations and through leaks from underground storage tanks. In a recent study conducted by the US Geological Society (USGS), MTBE was detected (at 0.2 micrograms per liter) in 21 percent of the groundwater samples taken from areas using reformulated gasoline. Recently, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) advised water suppliers to ensure that MTBE levels do not exceed 20-40 micrograms per liter, a level most likely to avert the taste and odor of MTBE. Due to limitations of other treatment technologies (e.g., activated carbon and air stripping) to consistently and cost effectively reduce MTBE to low concentrations in drinking water, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received increased interest. Under optimum operational conditions, AOPs can destroy MTBE and organic contaminants directly in the water through chemical oxidation, as opposed to simply transferring them from one phase to another as in the case of air stripping and carbon adsorption. Based on a technology and economical feasibility analysis, peroxone (ozone and peroxide) and ultraviolet (UV) light-catalyzed ozone were found to be the two most promising AOP technologies for MTBE removal. Extensive bench and pilot scale tests were performed to evaluate the effect of various water quality parameters (e.g., total organic carbon content, alkalinity, pH, bromide) and AOP operational factors (e.g., oxidant dose, contact time, UV) on the rate of MTBE and its byproducts reduction. Tests were also performed to identify the most effective type of UV application amongst the three available options: continuous wave low pressure mercury vapor lamp; continuous wave medium pressure mercury vapor lamp; and, pulsed UV xenon arc lamps. In order to determine the effectiveness of the various AOPs under changing water quality conditions, tests were conducted on Suffolk County (low alkalinity and low organic content), Miami-Dade (low alkalinity and high organic content), Santa-Monica (high alkalinity and low organic content) and Irvine Ranch (high alkalinity and high organic content) waters that were spiked with MTBE. Some results of this ongoing AWWARF research will be summarized in this paper. Preliminary results from bench-scale tests with ozone and medium pressure UV processes will be discussed in this paper. Preliminary results of bench-scale tests using pulsed UV technology will be presented in a separate paper. Includes 3 references, tables, figures.