地表水系统可能容易受到突发事件的影响 由于以下原因，水源水质发生变化: 意外、故意或自然污染 来自各种来源，包括泄漏和风暴。 公共设施必须快速响应这些事件，以便 确定治疗策略的适当改变 保护消费者免受潜在有害污染物的侵害。 预警监测系统可以促进 通过检测、事件表征和， 以及收集信息的沟通 这是做出正确决定的必要条件。 这篇文章讨论了， 预警系统的设计以及 现有的和正在发展的监测方法以及仍然需要的 研究案例研究提供了 先进的预警监测系统 世界各地，尤其是欧洲和亚洲。具有 一些值得注意的例外是，美国在先进技术方面的经验 早期预警监测系统有限，而且大多数 供水系统几乎没有预警系统 位置 发生污染事件时，时间至关重要 保护供应和保护消费者的本质 健康早期预警监测不仅仅是削减开支 响应时间，但也提供了一种经济高效的机制 为了降低风险，增强公众对 水资源利用，以及推广良好实践和 放电者应仔细报告。使用 这里提供的信息和框架，实用程序可以 开始开发自己的早期预警监控系统 系统，从而确保当水质 濒临灭绝，他们不会被抓住。包括30个参考文献、表格和图表。

Surface water systems may be vulnerable to sudden changes in source water quality as a result of accidental, intentional, or natural contamination from a variety of sources, including spills and storms. Utilities must respond quickly to these events in order to determine appropriate changes in treatment strategy and protect consumers from potentially harmful contaminants. Early warning monitoring systems can facilitate rapid response by using detection, event characterization, and communication to gather the information necessary to make sound decisions. This article discusses the characteristics, components, and design of early warning systems as well as existing and developing monitoring methods and still-needed research. Case studies provide snapshots of advanced early warning monitoring systems from around the world, in particular Europe and Asia. With a few notable exceptions, US experience with advanced early warning monitoring systems is limited, and most water supplies have little or no early warning system in place. When a contamination event occurs, time is of the essence to protect supplies and safeguard consumer health. Early warning monitoring not only cuts response time but also provides a cost-effective mechanism for reducing risks, boosting public confidence in the water utility, and promoting good practice and careful reporting on the part of dischargers. Using the information and framework provided here, utilities can begin developing their own early warning monitoring systems, thus ensuring that when water quality is endangered, they won't be caught flatfooted. Includes 30 references, tables, figures.