1.1 本规程提供了使用冲击响应法快速评估混凝土板、路面、桥面、墙壁或其他板状结构状况的程序。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本标准的文本引用了提供解释材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应视为本标准的要求。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 冲击响应法用于评估混凝土板、路面、桥面、墙壁或其他混凝土板结构的状况。该方法也适用于具有覆盖层的板结构，例如具有沥青或波特兰水泥混凝土覆盖层的混凝土桥面。 冲击响应法旨在快速筛选结构，以识别需要更详细调查的异常情况的潜在位置。 5.2 本规程不适用于桩的完整性测试。有关此类应用，请参阅测试方法 D5882 . 5.3 这种做法可用于定位分层或固结不良的混凝土。它还可用于定位地面支承板下方支撑不良或空隙的区域。 5.4 结果是在比较的基础上使用的，用于将测试结构元件中一个点的混凝土质量或支撑条件与同一元件中其他点的条件进行比较，或用于将结构元件与相同几何形状的另一个元件进行比较。 侵入性探测（钻孔或凿除混凝土）或钻取岩芯用于确认冲击响应结果的解释。 5.5 由于混凝土龄期、批次间可变性或浇筑和固结实践的差异，结构中的混凝土特性可能会因点而异，因此在恒定厚度的板单元中，测得的流动性和动态刚度可能会因点而异。 注1: 板的弯曲刚度与材料的弹性模量成正比，与提高到三次方的厚度成正比 ( 5. ) . 因此，与弹性模量的变化相比，厚度变化对迁移率变化的影响更大。 5.6 锤击的有效影响半径限制了可测试的最大混凝土构件厚度。本规程中规定的仪器适用于厚度小于1m的情况。 5.7 对于公路应用，结果可能会受到交通噪声或通过结构正常移动产生的低频结构振动的影响。然而，这些噪声的间歇性可能允许在交通流期间对结构的相邻部分进行测试。 需要进行工程判断，以确定响应是否受到交通诱导振动的影响。 5.8 悬吊板上的重荷载可能会改变不同振动模式的频率和形状，从而影响测试结果。测试表面上的碎屑可能会干扰获得剧烈冲击和测量响应。 5.9 该做法不适用于机械设备（千斤顶锤、用锤子发声、机械清扫器等）对结构造成的振动。 5.10 在加强板的结构元件附近或直接在其上进行的试验将导致流动性降低，并且不能代表板的内部条件。 5.11 该规程不适用于存在电噪声的情况，例如由数据采集系统捕获的发电机或其他电源产生的电噪声。

1.1 This practice provides the procedure for using the impulse-response method to evaluate rapidly the condition of concrete slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other plate-like structures. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The impulse-response method is used to evaluate the condition of concrete slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other concrete plate structures. The method is also applicable to plate structures with overlays, such as concrete bridge decks with asphalt or portland cement concrete overlays. The impulse-response method is intended for rapid screening of structures to identify potential locations of anomalous conditions that require more detailed investigation. 5.2 This practice is not intended for integrity testing of piles. For such applications refer to Test Method D5882 . 5.3 This practice can be used to locate delaminated or poorly consolidated concrete. It can also be used to locate regions of poor support or voids beneath slabs bearing on ground. 5.4 Results are used on a comparative basis for comparing concrete quality or support conditions at one point in the tested structural element with conditions at other points in the same element, or for comparing a structural element with another element of the same geometry. Invasive probing (drilling holes or chipping away concrete) or drilling of cores is used to confirm interpretations of impulse-response results. 5.5 Because concrete properties can vary from point to point in the structure due to differences in concrete age, batch-to-batch variability, or placement and consolidation practices, the measured mobility and dynamic stiffness can vary from point to point in a plate element of constant thickness. Note 1: The flexural stiffness of a plate is directly proportional to the elastic modulus of the material and directly proportional to the thickness raised to the third power ( 5 ) . As a result, variations in thickness will have a greater effect on variations in mobility than variations in elastic modulus. 5.6 The effective radius of influence of the hammer blow limits the maximum concrete element thickness that can be tested. The apparatus defined in this practice is intended for thicknesses less than 1 m. 5.7 For highway applications, results may be influenced by traffic noise or low frequency structural vibrations set up by normal movement of traffic across a structure. The intermittent nature of these noises, however, may allow testing during traffic flow on adjacent portions of the structure. Engineering judgment is required to determine whether the response has been influenced by traffic-induced vibrations. 5.8 Heavy loads on suspended slabs may affect test results by altering the frequencies and shapes of different modes of vibration. Debris on the test surface may interfere with obtaining a sharp impact and with measuring the response. 5.9 The practice is not applicable in the presence of vibrations created by mechanical equipment (jack hammers, sounding with a hammer, mechanical sweepers, and the like) impacting the structure. 5.10 Tests conducted next to or directly over structural elements that stiffen the plate will result in reduced mobility and not be representative of the internal conditions of the plate. 5.11 The practice is not applicable in the presence of electrical noise, such as that produced by a generator or other electrical sources, that is captured by the data-acquisition system.