This paper presents the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling
that were used to evaluate the water circulation patterns of the Pulgas Balancing
Reservoir, located in San Francisco, California. CFD modeling was used to develop and
evaluate reservoir inlet/outlet modifications and to optimize flow patterns by reducing
undesirable flow features such as short circuiting and recirculation in dead spots within
the reservoir. First, a general discussion of CFD modeling and water quality issues in
water distribution storage reservoirs is presented. Then background and basic
information on the reservoir is given. After that, the flow patterns for various scenarios
are evaluated using CFD modeling and results are given. Includes figures.