1.1 本指南涵盖了一些关于在标准实验室毒性试验期间定性和定量评估鱼类行为反应的方法的一般信息，以测量暴露于化学物质的亚致死效应。本指南旨在作为毒性试验的附件，不应干扰这些试验程序。 1.2 当化学或其他应激条件（如水质或温度变化）导致行为变化超过正常变异范围时，就会发生行为中毒 ( 1. ) . 行为包括生物体的所有可观察、可记录或可测量的活动，并反映遗传、神经生物学、生理学和环境决定因素 ( 2. ) . 1.3 行为方法可用于生物监测，用于确定未观察到的影响和最低观察到的影响- 影响浓度，以及预测危险化学品对自然种群的影响 ( 3. ) . 1.4 本指南中描述的行为方法包括运动活动、摄食和社会反应，这些对鱼类的生存至关重要 ( 4. ) . 1.5 本指南安排如下: 章节编号 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 指南摘要 4. 意义和用途 5. 干扰 6. 安全注意事项 7. 测量的响应 8. 测试生物体 9 设施 10 定性行为评估方法 11 定量行为测量 12 实验设计 13 测试结果的计算 14 汇报 15 1.6 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。有关单位和符号的说明，请参阅 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 虽然本指南中包含了一些安全注意事项，但涵盖进行行为毒性试验所需的所有安全要求超出了本指南的范围。具体危害说明见第节 7. . 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 保护一个物种需要防止化学品对该物种个体的生存、生长、繁殖、健康和使用的有害影响。行为毒性测试提供有关化学品亚致死效应的信息，并发出有毒测试物质存在的信号。 5.1.1 鱼类的运动、摄食和社会反应是适应性的，对生存至关重要。这些反应的重大变化可能导致生存、生长、避免捕食或繁殖的能力下降，并导致自然种群发生重大变化 ( 8. ) . 众所周知，鱼类的行为反应对环境变量以及有毒物质高度敏感。 5.2 行为毒性试验的结果可能有助于测量因释放有害物质而造成的伤害 ( 9 ) . 5.3 在毒性试验期间，还可以系统地定性评估行为反应，以识别亚致死污染物影响的趋势 ( 5. ) . 5.4 对运动、摄食和社会行为的评估有助于监测受污染现场的废水和沉积物，以及在实验室或受控现场条件下确定无影响浓度。这种行为改变提供了亚致死毒性指数，也表明了随后的死亡率。 5.5 行为毒性数据可用于预测自然环境中可能发生的暴露影响 ( 10 ) . 5.6 在评估材料对水生生物的危害时，行为毒性试验的结果可能是一个重要的考虑因素。在推导鱼类和水生无脊椎动物的水质标准时，也可以使用这些结果。 5.7 行为毒性试验的结果可用于比较不同物种的敏感性、不同化学物质对同一生物体的相对毒性，或各种环境变量对化学物质毒性的影响。 5.8 行为毒性试验的结果有助于指导关于受污染水生和陆地场所所需补救行动的程度的决定。 5.9 在将反应用作毒性测量之前，需要了解和定义特定生物体的行为特征 ( 11 ) . 游泳、摄食和社交行为因物种以及物种内不同生命阶段而异；因此，最有效的测试方法是针对单个物种的特定生命阶段量身定制的测试方法。未暴露生物体的任何行为反应的变异范围受遗传、经验、生理和环境因素的影响。 因此，重要的是避免从这些因素可能不同的种群中选择测试生物体。 5.10 行为毒性测试的结果将取决于测量的行为反应、测试条件、水质、物种、遗传菌株、生命阶段、健康和测试生物体的状况。因此，行为反应可能会受到测试环境的影响。 5.11 没有将数值或数值范围定义为任何鱼类游泳、进食或社交行为的标准；因此，异常活动的检测是基于暴露鱼类反应的比较，或者是在基线或暴露前测量的活动，或者是在对照处理下观察到的鱼类 ( 10 ) . 5.12 这些措施很容易纳入标准毒性试验方案，对试验生物体的压力最小。

1.1 This guide covers some general information on methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the behavioral responses of fish during standard laboratory toxicity tests to measure the sublethal effects of exposure to chemical substances. This guide is meant to be an adjunct to toxicity tests and should not interfere with those test procedures. 1.2 Behavioral toxicosis occurs when chemical or other stressful conditions, such as changes in water quality or temperature, induce a behavioral change that exceeds the normal range of variability ( 1 ) . Behavior includes all of the observable, recordable, or measurable activities of a living organism and reflects genetic, neurobiological, physiological, and environmental determinants ( 2 ) . 1.3 Behavioral methods can be used in biomonitoring, in the determination of no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect concentrations, and in the prediction of hazardous chemical impacts on natural populations ( 3 ) . 1.4 The behavioral methods described in this guide include locomotory activity, feeding, and social responses, which are critical to the survival of fish ( 4 ) . 1.5 This guide is arranged as follows: Section Number Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Guide 4 Significance and Use 5 Interferences 6 Safety Precautions 7 Responses Measured 8 Test Organisms 9 Facility 10 Qualitative Behavioral Assessment Method 11 Quantitative Behavioral Measurements 12 Experimental Design 13 Calculation of Test Results 14 Report 15 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. For an explanation of units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. While some safety considerations are included in this guide, it is beyond the scope of this guide to encompass all safety requirements necessary to conduct behavioral toxicity tests. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Protection of a species requires the prevention of detrimental effects of chemicals on the survival, growth, reproduction, health, and uses of individuals of that species. Behavioral toxicity tests provide information concerning the sublethal effects of chemicals and signal the presence of toxic test substances. 5.1.1 The locomotory, feeding, and social responses of fish are adaptive and essential to survival. Major changes in these responses may result in a diminished ability to survive, grow, avoid predation, or reproduce and cause significant changes in the natural population ( 8 ) . Fish behavioral responses are known to be highly sensitive to environmental variables as well as toxic substances. 5.2 Results from behavioral toxicity tests may be useful for measuring injury resulting from the release of hazardous materials ( 9 ) . 5.3 Behavioral responses can also be qualitatively assessed in a systematic manner during toxicity tests to discern trends in sublethal contaminant effects ( 5 ) . 5.4 The assessment of locomotory, feeding, and social behaviors is useful for monitoring effluents and sediments from contaminated field sites as well as for defining no-effect concentrations in the laboratory or under controlled field conditions. Such behavioral modifications provide an index of sublethal toxicity and also indicate the potential for subsequent mortality. 5.5 Behavioral toxicity data can be used to predict the effects of exposure likely to occur in the natural environment ( 10 ) . 5.6 Results from behavioral toxicity tests might be an important consideration when assessing the hazard of materials to aquatic organisms. Such results might also be used when deriving water quality criteria for fish and aquatic invertebrate organisms. 5.7 Results from behavioral toxicity tests can be used to compare the sensitivities of different species, the relative toxicity of different chemical substances on the same organism, or the effect of various environmental variables on the toxicity of a chemical substance. 5.8 Results of behavioral toxicity tests can be useful in guiding decisions regarding the extent of remedial action needed for contaminated aquatic and terrestrial sites. 5.9 The behavioral characteristics of a particular organism need to be understood and defined before a response can be used as a measure of toxicity ( 11 ) . Swimming, feeding, and social behavior varies among species as well as among life stages within a species; the most effective test methods are therefore those tailored to a particular life stage of a single species. The range of variability of any behavioral response of unexposed organisms is influenced by genetic, experiential, physiological, and environmental factors. It is thus important to avoid selecting test organisms from populations that may vary in these factors. 5.10 Results of behavioral toxicity tests will depend on the behavioral response measured, testing conditions, water quality, species, genetic strain, life stage, health, and condition of test organisms. The behavioral response may therefore be affected by the test environment. 5.11 No numerical value or range of values has been defined as the norm for swimming, feeding, or social behavior for any fish; the detection of abnormal activity is therefore based on comparisons of the responses of exposed fish, either with activity measured during a baseline or pre-exposure period or observations of fish under a control treatment ( 10 ) . 5.12 These measures are incorporated readily into standard toxicity test protocols, with minimal stress to the test organism.