1.1 本规程提供了制备大多数铁合金硫印（也称为鲍曼印）所需的信息，以揭示硫化物夹杂物的分布。 1.2 硫印揭示了硫化物在钢中的分布，钢的体积硫含量在0.010%到0.40%之间。 1.3 某些钢含有对试验溶液不起反应的复杂硫化物，例如，含有钛硫化物或铬硫化物的钢。 1.4 硫印试验是一种定性试验。打印图像的密度不应用于评估钢的硫含量。在仔细控制的条件下，如果图像仅由硫化锰形成，则可以比较打印图像强度。 1.5 硫打印图像将显示在适当选择和制备的试样上热加工或冷加工的凝固模式或金属流的细节。 1.6 本规程不涉及基于方法使用的验收标准。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的预防说明，请参阅第节 9 . 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 硫印揭示了硫作为硫化物包裹体在样品中的分布。硫印通过提供评估钢产品均匀性的附加程序来补充宏观蚀刻方法。 5.2 铸态试样的硫印通常显示凝固模式，并可用于评估脱氧的性质，即沸腾作用与镇静钢硫分布。 5.3 硫印将显示偏析模式，包括重新填充的裂纹，并可能显示某些物理不规则性，例如孔隙或裂纹。 5.4 使用平行于金属流动方向切割的试样的硫印可以揭示金属流动的性质，例如在各种锻造操作中。 5.5 硫印法适用于过程控制、研发研究、故障分析和材料验收目的。 5.6 硫印的强度受钢中硫的浓度、硫化物夹杂的化学成分、酸性水溶液的侵蚀性以及酸浸乳液涂布纸与试样地面之间接触印的持续时间（这一时间是秒而不是分钟）的影响。含硫量极低的钢会产生太暗的图像，无法用于宏观结构评估。选择合适的印刷实践，包括选择乳液涂层介质的类型、酸性类型和强度，将产生令人满意的印刷品。 通过将硫打印扫描到PC中，并使用照片编辑器增加颜色饱和度，可以使硫打印中非常微弱的图像更加可见。成分主要为钛或铬硫化物的钢不会产生有用的图像。

1.1 This practice provides information required to prepare sulfur prints (also referred to as Baumann Prints) of most ferrous alloys to reveal the distribution of sulfide inclusions. 1.2 The sulfur print reveals the distribution of sulfides in steels with bulk sulfur contents between about 0.010 and 0.40 weight percent. 1.3 Certain steels contain complex sulfides that do not respond to the test solutions, for example, steels containing titanium sulfides or chromium sulfides. 1.4 The sulfur print test is a qualitative test. The density of the print image should not be used to assess the sulfur content of a steel. Under carefully controlled conditions, it is possible to compare print image intensities if the images are formed only by manganese sulfides. 1.5 The sulfur print image will reveal details of the solidification pattern or metal flow from hot or cold working on appropriately chosen and prepared test specimens. 1.6 This practice does not address acceptance criteria based on the use of the method. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9 . 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The sulfur print reveals the distribution of sulfur as sulfide inclusions in the specimen. The sulfur print complements macroetch methods by providing an additional procedure for evaluating the homogeneity of a steel product. 5.2 Sulfur prints of as-cast specimens generally reveal the solidification pattern and may be used to assess the nature of deoxidation, that is, rimming action versus killed steel sulfur distributions. 5.3 Sulfur prints will reveal segregation patterns, including refilled cracks, and may reveal certain physical irregularities, for example, porosity or cracking. 5.4 The nature of metal flow, such as in various forging operations, can be revealed using sulfur prints of specimens cut parallel to the metal flow direction. 5.5 The sulfur print method is suitable for process control, research and development studies, failure analysis, and for material acceptance purposes. 5.6 The intensity of the sulfur print is influenced by the concentration of sulfur in the steel, the chemical composition of the sulfide inclusions, the aggressiveness of the aqueous acid solution, and the duration of the contact printing between the acid soaked emulsion coated paper and the ground surface of the specimen (this time is the order of seconds rather than minutes). Very low sulfur content steels will produce too faint an image to be useful for macrostructural evaluations. Selection of appropriate printing practices including selection of type of emulsion coated media, acid type and strength, will yield satisfactory prints. Very faint images in the sulfur print can be made more visible by scanning the sulfur print into a PC, and using a photo editor to increase the color saturation. Steels with compositions that produce predominantly titanium or chromium sulfides will not produce useful images.