一栋办公楼和一栋学校大楼被用来调查源能源需求和环境排放，这些源能源需求和环境排放可归因于满足设施冷却要求的空间调节系统的运行。一系列空间调节系统类型（传统的电制冷机、冷冻水储存、冰储存、低温空气冰储存、吸收）的每小时电力和燃气需求可追溯到从地球上提取燃料的地点（即来源）。假设所有电力消耗均由为满足两个不同公用事业服务区域的总电力需求而派遣的最后一个公用事业发电厂（边际）产生和输送。这两个具有不同发电组合和边际调度计划的公用事业公司构成了评估当前分析中与电力使用相关的能源需求和排放的基础。 边际机组调度是在最低运营成本的基础上确定的，并提供公用设施数据。与电直接制冷系统的基本情况相比，热能储存系统每年的能源需求和由此产生的环境排放都较低。所有类别的排放结果均低于基准。冷冻水系统往往具有最好的性能，但使用冷空气的冰蓄冷也表现得很好。吸收系统往往具有较低的NOx和SO2排放；然而，与所有其他选择相比，它们的能源消耗最高，二氧化碳排放量最高，全球变暖指数（GWI）最高。单位:双引文:阿什雷交易，第107卷，第。1.

An office building and a school building were used to investigate the source energy requirements and environmental emissions attributable to the operation of space conditioning systems serving facility cooling requirements. The hourly electrical and gas demands for a range of space conditioning system types (conventional electric chiller, chilled water storage, ice storage, ice storage with low temperature air, absorption) were traced back to the pointwhere fuel is extracted from the earth (i.e., the source). All electrical consumption was assumed to be generated and delivered by the last utility plant (marginal) dispatched to meet the aggregate electrical demand in two different utility service territories. The two utilities, with different generation mixes and marginal dispatch plans, formed the basis to assess the source energy requirements and emissions associated with electrical usage in the present analysis. Marginal unit dispatch was determined on a lowest operational cost basis, provided with the utility data.On an annual basis, thermal energy storage systems had lower source energy requirements and resulting environmental emissions than a base case of an electric direct chilling system. Emission results in all categories were lower than the base. Chilled water systems tended to have the best performance, but ice storage with cold air also performed very well. Absorption systems tended to have lower NOxand SO2emissions; however, they had the highest source energy consumption, the highest CO2emissions, and the highest Global Warming Index (GWI) compared with all other options.Units: Dual