几乎所有的纳滤（NF）系统都包括一个或多个预处理过程、NF膜单元和渗透后处理，有些系统包括浓缩液（废水）流的后处理。由于NF和更先进的RO技术之间有许多相似之处，因此将在NF系统组件的描述和工艺设计考虑方面与RO进行比较。

Nearly all nanofiltration (NF) systems include one or more pretreatment processes, the NF membrane unit, and permeate post- treatment, and some systems include post-treatment of the concentrate (reject) flow. Because there are many similarities between NF and the more-developed RO technology, comparisons will be made to RO in the description of NF system components and process design considerations are presented.