1.1 本规程详细介绍了一些热分析方法中使用的统计数据处理。 1.2 该方法描述了热分析方法中所有计算的平均值、标准偏差、相对标准偏差、汇总标准偏差、合并相对标准偏差的常用统计工具、与直线（或平面）的最佳拟合以及不确定性传播（见实践 第2586页 ). 1.3 一些热分析方法从分配给三组或多组数据对的线性回归直线（或平面）的斜率或截距导出分析值。 这种方法可能需要对所确定的斜率或截距的精度进行估计。这种精度的确定不是一种常见的统计工具。本规程详细说明了获取此类精度信息的过程。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 标准偏差或其衍生工具之一，如相对标准偏差或汇总标准偏差，从该实践中得出，提供了测量值精度的估计值。 这些结果通常表示为平均值±标准偏差， X±s . 5.2 如果在统计意义上，测量值“正态”分布在其平均值上，则标准偏差的含义是67 % 给定值在平均值±一个标准偏差范围内的概率，即2/3。同样，有一个95 % 给定值在平均值的±两个标准差范围内的概率，即20分之19。两个标准偏差范围有时被用作外围测量的测试。 5.3 在确定动力学参数、蒸气压或蒸发焓时，通常需要根据实验数据计算直线斜率和截距的精度。本规程描述了如何通过热分析获得与测量相关的这些和其他统计推导值。

1.1 This practice details the statistical data treatment used in some thermal analysis methods. 1.2 The method describes the commonly encountered statistical tools of the mean, standard derivation, relative standard deviation, pooled standard deviation, pooled relative standard deviation, the best fit to a (linear regression of a) straight line (or plane), and propagation of uncertainties for all calculations encountered in thermal analysis methods (see Practice E2586 ). 1.3 Some thermal analysis methods derive the analytical value from the slope or intercept of a linear regression straight line (or plane) assigned to three or more sets of data pairs. Such methods may require an estimation of the precision in the determined slope or intercept. The determination of this precision is not a common statistical tool. This practice details the process for obtaining such information about precision. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The standard deviation, or one of its derivatives, such as relative standard deviation or pooled standard deviation, derived from this practice, provides an estimate of precision in a measured value. Such results are ordinarily expressed as the mean value ± the standard deviation, that is, X ± s . 5.2 If the measured values are, in the statistical sense, “normally” distributed about their mean, then the meaning of the standard deviation is that there is a 67 % chance, that is 2 in 3, that a given value will lie within the range of ± one standard deviation of the mean value. Similarly, there is a 95 % chance, that is 19 in 20, that a given value will lie within the range of ± two standard deviations of the mean. The two standard deviation range is sometimes used as a test for outlying measurements. 5.3 The calculation of precision in the slope and intercept of a line, derived from experimental data, commonly is required in the determination of kinetic parameters, vapor pressure or enthalpy of vaporization. This practice describes how to obtain these and other statistically derived values associated with measurements by thermal analysis.