1.1 该方法涵盖了将粉末的初始失效特性量化为给定固结水平下法向应力函数的设备和程序。该方法还允许进一步确定无侧限屈服强度、内摩擦角、内聚力、流动函数、主要主应力和壁摩擦角（将适当的壁试件安装到正确的附件上）。 1.2 这些参数最常用于协助使用行业标准计算和程序设计储料斗和料仓。 如果在处理设备内遇到类似的应力和剪切状态，它们还可以提供不同粉末或同一粉末的不同批次的流动行为的相对分类或比较。 1.3 该仪器适用于测量最大粒径为1 mm的粉末的性能。测试颗粒比例为1 mm或更大的粉末是可行的，但建议它们在具有正态（高斯）粒径分布的样品中不超过总质量的5%。 1.4 所有观测值和计算值应符合实践中制定的有效数字和四舍五入指南 D6026 . 1.4.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。所使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素； 并且通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数以与这些考虑相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.5 单位-- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。以SI以外的单位报告试验结果不应被视为不符合本标准。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 该测试可用于评估以下内容: 5.1.1 粉末的分类或比较-- 有几个参数可以用来对粉末进行相对分类，最有用的是测量的剪切应力、内聚力、流动函数和内摩擦角。 5.1.2 敏感性分析-- 剪切池可用于评估一系列粉末性质或环境参数或两者的相对影响，例如（但不限于）湿度、颗粒尺寸和尺寸分布、颗粒形状和形状分布、含水量和温度。 5.2 质量控制 在某些情况下，该测试可用于根据预先确定的验收标准评估原材料、中间体或产品的流动特性。 5.3 储罐设计-- 存在用于确定储存容器设计参数的数学模型，该数学模型基于剪切室测试产生的粉末的流动特性，需要在一定范围的固结应力下进行剪切测试以及测量相对于储存容器的构造材料的壁摩擦角。 这些方法详见参考文献。( 1. 3. ). 3. 注1: 该测试方法产生的结果的质量取决于执行该测试的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常被认为能够胜任和客观的测试/取样/检查等。提醒该测试方法的用户遵守实践 D3740 其本身不能保证可靠的结果。 可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法( 4. ). 实践 D3740 是为从事土壤和岩石测试和/或检查的机构开发的。因此，它并不完全适用于执行该测试方法的机构。然而，这种测试方法的用户应该认识到，实践的框架 D3740 适用于评估执行此做法的机构的质量。目前还没有已知的合格国家机构来检查执行该测试方法的机构。

1.1 This method covers the apparatus and procedures for quantifying the incipient failure properties of a powder as a function of the normal stress for a given level of consolidation. The method also allows the further determination of the unconfined yield strength, internal friction angles, cohesion, flow function, major principal stress and wall friction angle (with the appropriate wall coupon fitted to the correct accessory). 1.2 These parameters are most commonly used to assist with the design of storage hoppers and bins using industry standard calculations and procedures. They can also provide relative classification or comparison of the flow behavior of different powders or different batches of the same powder if similar stress and shear regimes are encountered within the processing equipment. 1.3 The apparatus is appropriate for measuring the properties of powders with a maximum particle size of 1 mm. It is practicable to test powders that have a small proportion of particles of 1 mm or greater, but it is recommended they represent no more than 5 % of the total mass in samples with a normal (Gaussian) size distribution. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.5 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The test can be used to evaluate the following: 5.1.1 Classification or Comparison of Powders— There are several parameters that can be used to classify powders relative to each other, the most useful being the measured shear stresses, cohesion, flow function and angle of internal friction. 5.1.2 Sensitivity Analysis— The shear cell can be used to evaluate the relative effects of a range of powder properties or environmental parameters, or both, such as (but not limited to) humidity, particle size and size distribution, particle shape and shape distribution, water content and temperature. 5.2 Quality Control— The test can, in some circumstances, be used to assess the flow properties of a raw material, intermediate or product against pre-determined acceptance criteria. 5.3 Storage Vessel Design— Mathematical models exist for the determination of storage vessel design parameters which are based on the flow properties of powders as generated by shear cell testing, requiring shear testing at a range of consolidating stresses as well as the measurement of the wall friction angle with respect to the material of construction of the storage vessel. The methods are detailed in Refs. ( 1- 3 ). 3 Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors ( 4 ). Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the testing and/or inspection of soil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this test method. However, users of this test method should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this practice. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this test method.