由至少两种人类致病性微孢子虫引起的水传播疾病的可能性，提高了对这些微生物的临床和环境检测方法的兴趣。由于微孢子虫感染范围广泛的生物体（从脊椎动物到昆虫），因此需要能够在物种水平上识别人类致病性微孢子虫的分类学特异性检测方法，尤其是在水中。PCR检测和计算机数据库同源性比较（CDHC）用于人类和昆虫致病性微孢子虫的物种测定。作为一项挑战，为了验证作者的物种形成方法，使用小亚单位核糖体DNA序列（SUU）生成了一个系统发育树- 序列数据库中发现的大量微孢子虫。这提供了一个相似性指数，随后用于评估CDHCs区分密切相关物种的能力。对8种微孢子虫（包括4种人类致病菌株）进行了聚合酶链反应、染色终止PCR测序和随后的序列CDHC。通过这种方法检测的4种非人类致病性微孢子虫是那些通过系统发育分析表明与其他物种非常密切相关的微孢子虫，这是由分支长度决定的。在所有情况下，CDHC方法都能够正确识别对照生物体。 因此，CDHC被证明是一种可靠的方法，可用于PCR检测环境样品中人类致病性微孢子虫的物种测定。包括16个参考文献、表格和图表。

The potential for waterborne disease caused by at least two species of human pathogenic microsporidia has heightened interest in clinical and environmental detection methods for these organisms. Since microsporidia infect a wide range of organisms (from vertebrates to insects) the need for taxonomically specific detection methods capable of identifying human pathogenic microsporidia to the species level, especially in water, are needed. PCR detection followed by computer database homology comparison (CDHC) was used for species determination of human and insect pathogenic microsporidia. As a challenge and to validate the author's speciation approach a phylogenetic tree was generated using the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (SUU-fDNA) of a large number of microsporidia found in sequence databases. This provided an index of similarity subsequently used as an assessment of CDHCs ability to differentiate between closely related species. Polymerase chain reaction followed by dye termination PCR sequencing and subsequent CDHC of the sequences was performed on 8 species of microsporidia including 4 human pathogenic strains. The 4 non-human pathogenic microsporidia tested by this approach were those shown by the phylogenetic analyses to be very closely related to other species as determined by branch length. In all cases the CDHC approach was able to correctly identify the control organisms. Therefore, CDHC proved to be a reliable method that can be used for species determination of human pathogenic microsporidia detected by PCR in environmental samples. Includes 16 references, tables, figure.