1.1 该试验方法利用测压法测定气体通过薄膜、片材、层压材料和塑料涂层纸或织物形式的塑料的稳态传输速率。本试验方法用于测定 （1） 气体传输速率（GTR）， （2） 渗透率，并且在均匀材料的情况下， （3） 渗透性。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准中不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些测量结果给出了单一纯气体通过薄膜和片材的气体传输的半定量估计。测量值与任何给定用途的相关性，如包装内容物保护，必须根据经验确定。气体传输速率受到这些试验中未特别规定的条件的影响，例如含水量( 注2 )、增塑剂含量和不均匀性。这些测试不包括任何可能涉及包装应用的密封测试规定。 注2: 测试使用0的气体运行 % 水分变化。 5.2 历史上的实验室间测试表明，通过这些程序测量的渗透率对所使用的程序以及进行测试的实验室表现出强烈的依赖性。历史方法依赖于汞毛细管柱的手动校准和压力的手动数据读数。本标准中删除了汞柱和毛细管柱的参考和使用，因为目前的D1434仪器依赖于易于校准的真空计和数据的自动记录。 计划本标准的下一次修订包括一个更新的ILS和现代仪器。此外，已经注意到，与其他气体传输速率方法的一致性有时很差，并且可能取决于材料。被测试的材料往往会影响实验室之间的精度。目前尚不清楚这些变化的原因，但可能是因为该方法分析了样品中的所有气体，而不仅仅是测试气体。这包括样品中预先吸收的水蒸气和样品中残留的任何游离溶剂。48 方法中概述的hr干燥器干燥期可能不足以满足所有材料的要求。 此外，其他气体传输速率方法（如用于氧气传输速率、水蒸气传输速率和二氧化碳传输速率的方法）通常包含测试气体专用传感器，因此将最大限度地减少其他气体的影响。建议不要将这种方法用于仲裁目的，除非买方和卖方都能确定他们正在按照双方商定的精度水平测量相同的数量。 5.3 除非从以前的研究中知道厚度与传输速率的关系，否则不建议使用渗透系数（包括将气体传输速率转换为单位厚度）。即使在基本均匀的结构中，形态（例如密度）和热历史的变化也可能影响渗透率。

1.1 This test method utilizes a manometric method to determine the steady-state rate of transmission of a gas through plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, and plastic-coated papers or fabrics. This test method provides for the determination of (1) gas transmission rate (GTR), (2) permeance, and, in the case of homogeneous materials, (3) permeability. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These measurements give semiquantitative estimates for the gas transmission of single pure gases through film and sheeting. Correlation of measured values with any given use, such as packaged contents protection, must be determined by experience. The gas transmission rate is affected by conditions not specifically provided for in these tests, such as moisture content ( Note 2 ), plasticizer content, and nonhomogeneities. These tests do not include any provision for testing seals that may be involved in packaging applications. Note 2: The tests are run using gas with 0 % moisture changes. 5.2 The historic Interlaboratory testing has revealed that permeances measured by these procedures exhibit a strong dependence on the procedure being used, as well as on the laboratory performing the testing. The historic method relied upon manual calibrations of Hg capillary columns and manual data readings of pressure. The references and use of Hg and capillary columns have been removed from this standard as current D1434 instruments rely upon readily calibrated vacuum gauges and automated recording of data. It is planned that the next revision of this standard includes an updated ILS with modern instrumentation. Additionally, it has been noted that an agreement with other gas transmission rate methods is sometimes poor and may be material-dependent. The materials being tested often affect the between-laboratory precision. The causes of these variations are not precisely known at this time, but is likely due to the fact that this method analyzes ALL gasses from the sample and not just the Test gas. This includes pre-absorbed water vapor within the sample and any free solvents remaining within the specimen. The 48 hr desiccator drying period outlined within the method may not be long enough for all materials. Additionally, other gas transmission rate methods (as those used for oxygen transmission rate, water vapor transmission rate and carbon dioxide transmission rate) often incorporate test gas specific sensors and therefore would minimize influence from other gasses. It is suggested that this method not be used for referee purposes unless purchaser and seller can both establish that they are measuring the same quantity to a mutually agreed upon level of precision. 5.3 Use of the permeability coefficient (involving conversion of the gas transmission rate to a unit thickness basis) is not recommended unless the thickness-to-transmission rate relationship is known from previous studies. Even in essentially homogeneous structures, variations in morphology (as indicated, for example, by density) and thermal history may influence permeability.