不透明建筑围护结构（包括墙壁、屋顶和地板）的热损失和热增益会显著影响建筑的整体能耗。为了降低能耗，建筑围护结构必须具有良好的隔热性能。然而，建筑围护结构的实际隔热性能因构件和施工方法而异，即使使用相同厚度的相同隔热材料。这些差异是通过热桥（例如，混凝土墙中的墙到地板或墙到墙的连接处，以及幕墙中石材或金属板之间的接缝）产生的额外热损失造成的。这些热桥降低了实际的绝缘性能。本研究旨在评估考虑热桥的各种外墙的隔热性能，并探讨减少热桥的方法。 进行了三维稳态传热模拟，以分析冬季条件下具有热桥的八种类型的外墙:涂有内部或外部隔热系统的油漆、石材和金属混凝土墙和石材、带有或不带有钢桁架附加隔热层的金属板，以及金属板幕墙。计算并比较热损失和有效热传导率，以确定每个外墙的传热特性，并讨论减少热桥的可能方法。引用:2016年冬季会议，佛罗里达州奥兰多，会议论文

Heat loss and gain through opaque building envelopes including walls, roofs, and floors significantly affect the overall energy consumption of buildings. To reduce this energy consumption, building envelopes must have excellent thermal insulation performance. However, the actual insulation performance of building envelopes varies depending on the components and the construction methods, even if the same insulations of identical thicknesses are used. These differences are a result of additional heat losses through thermal bridges, e.g., the wall-to-floor or wall-to-wall junctions in concrete walls and the joints between stone or metal panels in curtain walls. These thermal bridges degrade the actual insulation performance. This study aims to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of various external walls considering thermal bridges and to discuss methods for reducing thermal bridges. Three-dimensional steady state heat transfer simulations were conducted to analyze eight types of external walls with thermal bridges under winter conditions: paint-finished with either internal or external insulation systems, stone, and metal concrete walls and stone, metal-sheet either with or without additional insulation of steel trusses, and metal-panel curtain walls. The heat losses and effective thermal transmittances were calculated and compared to determine the heat-transfer characteristics of each external wall and to discuss possible methods for reducing thermal bridges.