第1部分:螺栓垫圈接头上的外弯矩:弯矩对螺栓垫圈接头的影响本公告报告了两个单独的PVRC项目（97-04和97-09）对垫圈螺栓法兰接头上的外弯矩的研究。这项工作是一个实验和分析程序的一部分，旨在调查外部弯矩对螺栓接头完整性和泄漏的影响，并开发一个新的或替代程序，用于ASME螺栓法兰接头设计规则。本公告是该项目测试系列的第三篇。本系列的第一份报告发表在WRC公告450中，该公告报告了NPS 4“150级焊颈和搭接接头法兰的试验结果。本系列的第二份报告发表在WRC公告461中，该公告涵盖了使用全尺寸16”300级法兰接头的试验。 本公告第1部分介绍了两种不同类型法兰上弯矩影响的实验研究:DN 200 ISO PN 50（NPS 8“300级）和DN 40 ISO PN 50（NPS 1½”300级）。试验的目的是确定增加和减少弯曲力矩对垫圈密封性和螺栓负载的影响。测试了不同的垫片材料；无石棉纤维片材、石墨片材、PTFE和缠绕垫片。从试验结果中得出的一般结论是，弯矩对这些试验接头的泄漏行为影响不大。第2部分:螺栓垫圈接头上的外部弯矩:垫圈类型对NPS 4 150级螺栓接头在外部弯曲载荷下的性能的影响本公告报告了两个单独PVRC项目的研究（97- 04和97-09）关于垫圈螺栓法兰接头的外部弯矩。这项工作是一个实验和分析程序的一部分，旨在调查外部弯矩对螺栓接头完整性和泄漏的影响，并开发一个新的或替代程序，用于ASME螺栓法兰接头设计规则。本公告是该项目测试系列的第三篇。本系列的第一份报告发表在WRC公告450中，该公告报告了NPS 4“150级焊颈和搭接接头法兰的试验结果。本系列的第二份报告发表在WRC公告461中，该公告涵盖了使用全尺寸16”300级法兰接头的试验。本公告第2部分研究了垫圈类型对承受外部弯曲载荷的NPS 4“150级螺栓接头性能的影响。 本研究与WRC公告450中的试验密切相关。在公告450中，使用了一种单一类型的垫片，NBR/石棉板垫片。在本公告中，对四种类型的垫片进行了测试:原始PTFE板、膨胀PTFE板、螺旋缠绕石墨填充垫片和石墨涂层波纹金属垫片。从这项研究得出的结论是，用现行ASME规范等效压力法计算的垫片应力是保守的。然而，由于ASME规范对等效压力的计算仅基于力和力矩的平衡，因此在设计中不能考虑法兰和垫片刚度的综合影响。为了优化设计，需要开发一种能够准确预测螺栓载荷变化和垫片应力分布的方法。 本公告中提供的试验数据可作为开发此类方法的基础。

Part 1: External Bending Moments on Bolted Gasketed Joints: The Effects Of Bending Moments On Bolted Gasketed JointsThis bulletin reports the research on two separate PVRC projects (97-04 and 97-09) on external bending moments on gasketed bolted flanged joints. This work is part of an experimental and analytical program to investigate the effect of the external bending moment on the integrity and leakage of a bolted joint and to develop a new or alternative procedure for use in the ASME design rules for bolted flanged joints. This bulletin is the third in a series covering the tests in the program. The first in the series is published in WRC Bulletin 450, which reports the test results on NPS 4" Class 150 weld-neck and lap joint flanges. The second in the series is published in WRC Bulletin 461, which covers tests using a full size 16" Class 300 flanged joint.Part 1 of this bulletin covers an experimental study on the effect of bending moments on two different type of flanges: Class DN 200 ISO PN 50 (NPS 8" Class 300) and Class DN 40 ISO PN 50 (NPS 1 ½" Class 300). The objective of the tests is to determine the effect of increasing and decreasing bending moments on gasket tightness and bolt loads. Different gasket materials are tested; non asbestos fiber sheet material, graphite sheet material, PTFE and Spiral Wound gaskets. The general conclusion that can be drawn from the test results is that the effect of bending moments on the leakage behavior of these tested joints is not significant.Part 2: External Bending Moments on Bolted Gasketed Joints: Effect of Gasket Type on the Behavior of NPS 4 Class 150 Bolted Joints Subjected to External Bending LoadsThis bulletin reports the research on two separate PVRC projects (97-04 and 97-09) on external bending moments on gasketed bolted flanged joints. This work is part of an experimental and analytical program to investigate the effect of the external bending moment on the integrity and leakage of a bolted joint and to develop a new or alternative procedure for use in the ASME design rules for bolted flanged joints. This bulletin is the third in a series covering the tests in the program. The first in the series is published in WRC Bulletin 450, which reports the test results on NPS 4" Class 150 weld-neck and lap joint flanges. The second in the series is published in WRC Bulletin 461, which covers tests using a full size 16" Class 300 flanged joint.Part 2 of this bulletin covers a study on the effect of gasket type on the behavior of NPS 4" Class 150 bolted joints subjected to external bending loads. This study is closely related to tests presented in WRC Bulletin 450. In Bulletin 450, a single type of gasket, NBR/asbestos sheet gasket was used. In this bulletin, four types of gaskets were tested: a virgin PTFE sheet, an expanded PTFE sheet, a spiral wound graphite filled gasket, and graphite coated corrugated metal gasket. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the gasket stress computed with the current ASME Code equivalent pressure method is on the conservative side. However, since the ASME Code calculations of the equivalent pressure are based solely on the equilibrium of the forces and moments, the combined effect of the rigidities of the flange and the gasket cannot be taken into account in the design. In order to optimize the design, a method needs to be developed that will predict the bolt load variations and the gasket stress distributions accurately. The test data presented in this bulletin can be used as basis to develop such a method.