本文描述了一项关于利用建筑热容作为一种手段来降低与保持建筑内足够舒适条件相关的运行成本（称为“动态建筑控制”）的研究。建筑蓄热的状态可以通过热舒适区内区域温度随时间的变化来控制。以最佳方式改变区域设定点的主要机会是将冷负荷从白天转移到夜间，以（1）降低峰值电力需求，（2）利用夜间较低的电力率，（3）用夜间“自由”冷却抵消机械冷却，以及（4）以更有利的部分增强设备运行- 负载条件。本研究采用的方法是将动态优化技术应用于建筑物及其相关冷却系统的计算机模拟，以确定最大可能的节约。结果表明，通过优化控制建筑结构内的固有蓄热，可以显著降低能源成本和峰值用电量。然而，成本节约取决于几个因素，包括（1）公用事业费率结构，（2）冷却设备和空气处理系统的部分负荷特性，（3）天气，（4）占用计划，以及（5）建筑热容量。 关键词:节能、成本、非高峰电力、储能、控制、结构蓄热、预测控制、免费制冷、制冷、热舒适性、冷负荷、空调、夜间制冷、部分负荷。引文:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第96卷，pt。1990年3月2日，圣路易斯

This paper describes an investigation into the use of building thermal capacitance as a means of reducing the operating costs associated with maintaining adequate comfort conditions in buildings (termed 'dynamic building control'). The state of the building thermal storage can be controlled through variations of the zone temperatures over time within the thermal comfort region. The primary opportunities in varying zone setpoints in an optimal fashion are associated with shifting cooling loads from daytime to nighttime to (1) reduce peak electrical demands, (2) take advantage of low nighttime electrical rates, (3) offset mechanical cooling with 'free' cooling at night, and (4) enhance equipment operation at more favourable part-load conditions. The approach utilised in this study was to apply dynamic optimisation techniques to computer simulations of buildings and their associated cooling systems for a range of conditions in order to determine the maximum possible savings. Results indicate that both energy costs and peak electrical use can be significantly reduced through optimal control of the intrinsic thermal storage within building structures. However, the cost savings depend upon several factors, including (1) utility rate structure, (2) part-load characteristics of the cooling plant and air-handling system, (3) weather, (4) the occupancy schedule, and (5) building thermal capacitance.KEYWORDS: energy conservation, costs, off peak electricity, energy storage, controls, structure heat storage, predictive controls, free cooling, cooling, thermal comfort, cooling load, air conditioning, nighttime cooling, part load.