1.1 本规程定义了一组术语、程序和数据，用于定义地表煤炭开采作业（CMO）、地下煤炭开采范围、土地复垦和履约保函状态、不适合开采的土地（块）和指定区域、弃煤和垃圾特征、选煤厂、，环境资源监测点（ERML）和开采后的土地利用。 1.2 单位- 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定调节器限制的适用性。 1.3.1 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本惯例的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代专业服务的充分性，也不应在不考虑项目许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.4 表面CMOs- 正如在本实践中所使用的那样，地表CMO表示在定义的地表CMO或RA确定的任何其他未经许可区域内，煤炭移除、回收和相关支持活动已经发生、正在发生、正在等待授权或由监管机构（RA）授权的区域。 1.4.1 本实践涉及煤矿地理空间数据、临时许可证和永久项目许可证。每个RA应为煤矿地理空间数据的权威数据源（ADS）。 1.5 地下采煤范围- 本规程涉及地下煤炭开采范围，该范围代表在规定的地下CMO内进行煤炭移除的区域。 1.6 土地复垦现状- 本实践解决了许可CMO内地表区域的土地复垦状态，其中煤炭移除、复垦和相关支持活动已经发生、正在发生或由RA规划和授权。 1.7 履约保函状态- 该实践显示了煤矿复垦的状态，如复垦的每个阶段所述。除了定义履约保函涵盖的各个区域的状态外，使用本标准还将确定随时间变化的矿区复垦和保函状态的变化。保函状态指履约保函状态。 注1: 一份保函可能涵盖多个许可证，或者多份保函可能涵盖一个许可证。 1.8 不适合采矿的土地申请- 本规程涉及与已申请并指定为不适合采矿的区域相关的边界数据。它还解决了RA过程中发现的不适合所有或某些类型采矿的土地。这些区域可能被申请不适合CMO，因为它们符合标准，包括但不限于:脆弱、历史、文化、科学、具有美学价值和自然系统，如可能因CMO而受到严重破坏的含水层。 1.9 垃圾构筑物- 本实践解决了CMOs产生的过度破坏和垃圾特性。这些特征包括多余的弃土结构、煤矸石结构和选煤厂。 1.9.1 多余的弃土构筑物- 当采矿过程中产生的总弃土超过可用于回收的材料体积时，就会产生这些结构。这种情况在陡坡地区很常见，其中复垦边坡的最终坡度受到稳定性要求的限制。当覆盖层体积明显大于可开采煤炭体积时，也会发生这种情况。当移除覆盖层以暴露下伏煤层时，由于碎片岩石中引入孔隙，弃土体积也呈现净增加。多余弃土的产生需要在矿区外建立处置结构。 1.9.2 选煤厂- 从煤炭中去除杂质并可能粉碎、调整尺寸和与其他等级煤炭混合的设施。 制备厂生产垃圾作为副产品。 1.9.3 拒绝- 煤加工的废物副产品，通常分为粗或细。细煤垃圾通常作为含有水、细煤、淤泥、沙子和粘土颗粒混合物的泥浆处理。 1.9.4 蓄水垃圾构筑物- 这些结构为泥浆创造了一个保持区域，允许固体沉淀并回收水。跨山谷和堤防蓄水利用路堤，通常由粗煤矸石建造，形成泥浆滞留池，如所示 图1 和 图2 分别地切割蓄水在自然表面以下的开挖区域处理泥浆，并且不使用重要的路堤来保留泥浆，请参阅 图3 . 图1 跨山谷垃圾蓄水特征的横截面描述 图2 堤防垃圾蓄水特征的横截面描述 图3 切割垃圾蓄水特征的横截面描述 1.9.5 非蓄水垃圾构筑物- 这些结构物可能包含在处置前已脱水和稳定的泥浆。非蓄水泥浆池用于处理精细垃圾。显著降低细粒煤垃圾含水量的方法可以使垃圾结构避免被归类为蓄水池。 1.10 ERML- 本规程涉及已发生、正在发生或计划进行监测和采样（如水、空气、土壤采样和沉降或空气爆破监测）的位置。 1.11 采矿后的土地使用- 本规程描述了定位和确定地表煤炭开采和复垦作业的开采后土地使用所需的数据。采矿后的土地利用可能包括农田、牧场/干草地、牧场、森林、住宅、鱼类和野生动物栖息地、开发的水资源、公用事业、工业/商业和娱乐。 1.12 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 该实践通常涉及煤矿地理空间数据，对煤矿社区具有重要意义，因为它提供了与煤矿特征相关的地理空间数据的统一性。 4.2 煤炭开采特征属性的某些RA数据可能没有值。这些RAs可能不会收集这些属性作为其监管计划的一部分，或者这些属性可能不适用于其责任范围。因此，对于这些RAs而言，国家煤炭开采特征数据集似乎不完整。 4.3 在其专属管辖区内，每个RA是其创建并用于规范采矿活动的煤矿地理空间数据的ADS。 4.4 使用限制- 国家数据集的使用受到影响各种数据源完整性、通用性和准确性的几个因素的限制。 4.4.1 完整性- 在整个RAs中，参与空间数据编译的情况可能并不一致，这可能会影响空间数据和相关属性的完整性。对于一些RAs，本标准可能不适用，因为本文描述的特征不在其责任范围内。 4.4.2 货币- 由于监管行动可能会改变国家数据集中可能未反映的特定特征的地理位置、范围或属性，因此源数据可能会发生变化。如果需要单个功能的详细信息，应联系适当的RA以获取更多信息。 4.4.3 根据本标准编制的数据不打算用作评估风险或安全性的主要来源。 4.4.4 根据本标准编制的数据仅供参考；它不具有权威性。

1.1 This practice defines a set of terms, procedures, and data required to define the accurate location and description of the minimum geospatial data for surface coal mining operations (CMO), underground coal mining extents, land reclamation and performance bond statuses, lands unsuitable for mining petitions (LUMP) and designated areas, coal spoil and refuse features, coal preparation plants, environmental resource monitoring locations (ERMLs), and postmining land uses. 1.2 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator limitations prior to use. 1.3.1 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the adequacy of a professional service, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.4 Surface CMOs— As used in this practice, a surface CMO represents an area where coal removal, reclamation, and related supporting activities have occurred, is occurring, is pending authorization or is authorized by the Regulatory Authority (RA) within a defined surface CMO or any other unpermitted area that has been identified by the RA. 1.4.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial data, interim permits, and permanent program permits. Each RA shall be the authoritative data source (ADS) for coal mining geospatial data. 1.5 Underground Coal Mining Extents— This practice addresses underground coal mining extents that represent an area where coal removal has occurred within a defined underground CMO. 1.6 Land Reclamation Status— This practice addresses the land reclamation status of surface areas within a permitted CMO where coal removal, reclamation and related supporting activities has occurred, is occurring, or is planned and authorized by the RA. 1.7 Performance Bond Status— This practice shows the status of coal mine reclamation as outlined by each phase of reclamation. In addition to defining the status of individual areas covered by a performance bond, use of this standard will identify the changes of the reclamation and bond status to mined areas as they change over time. Reference to bond status means performance bond status. Note 1: A single bond may cover multiple permits or multiple bonds may cover a single permit. 1.8 Lands Unsuitable for Mining Petition— This practice addresses boundary data pertaining to areas that have been petitioned and designated as unsuitable for mining. It also addresses those lands that have been found by the RA’s process to be designated unsuitable for all or certain types of mining. These areas may be petitioned to be unsuitable for CMOs because they meet criterion that include, but are not limited to: fragile, historic, cultural, scientific, having esthetic values and natural systems such as aquifers that could be significantly damaged due to a CMO. 1.9 Refuse Structures— This practice addresses excess spoil and refuse features produced by CMOs. These features include excess spoil structures, coal refuse structures, and coal preparation plants. 1.9.1 Excess Spoil Structures— These structures are created when the total spoil produced during mining exceeds the volume of material that can be utilized for reclamation. This occurrence is common in steep slope areas, where the final grade of reclaimed slopes is limited by stability requirements. It also occurs where overburden volume is significantly larger than the volume of minable coal. Spoil also exhibits a net increase in volume due to the introduction of void spaces in fragmented rock when overburden is removed to expose underlying coal seams. The production of excess spoil requires the creation of disposal structures that extend outside the mined area. 1.9.2 Coal Preparation Plants— Facilities where impurities are removed from coal and potentially crushed, resized, and blended with other grades of coal. Preparation plants produce refuse as a byproduct. 1.9.3 Refuse— A waste byproduct of coal processing, generally categorized as either coarse or fine. Fine coal refuse often is handled as a slurry containing a blend of water, fine coal, silt, sand, and clay particles. 1.9.4 Impounding Refuse Structures— These structures create a holding area for slurry that allows solids to settle out and water to be recovered. Cross-valley and diked impoundments utilize an embankment, often constructed of coarse coal refuse, which forms a basin for slurry retention, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 , respectively. Incised impoundments dispose of slurry in an excavated area below the natural surface and do not utilize a significant embankment for slurry retention, see Fig. 3 . FIG. 1 Cross Sectional Depiction of a Cross-Valley Refuse Impounding Feature FIG. 2 Cross Sectional Depiction of a Diked Refuse Impounding Feature FIG. 3 Cross Sectional Depiction of an Incised Refuse Impounding Feature 1.9.5 Non-Impounding Refuse Structures— These structures may contain slurry that has been dewatered and stabilized prior to disposal. Non-impounding slurry cells are used to dispose of fine refuse. Methods that significantly reduce the water content of fine coal refuse may allow a refuse structure to avoid being classified as an impoundment. 1.10 ERML— This practice addresses locations where monitoring and sampling (such as water, air, soil sampling, and subsidence or air blasting monitoring) has occurred, is occurring, or is planned. 1.11 Postmining Land Uses— This practice describes data required to locate and identify postmining land uses for surface coal mining and reclamation operations. Postmining land use may include cropland, pasture/hayland, grazing land, forest, residential, fish and wildlife habitat, developed water resources, public utilities, industrial/commercial, and recreation. 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial data in general and is significant to the coal mining community because it provides uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to coal mining features. 4.2 Some RA data for coal mining feature attributes may not have values. Those RAs may not collect those attributes as part of their regulatory program or those attributes may not be applicable within their area of responsibility. As a result, a national dataset of coal mining features may appear to be incomplete for those RAs. 4.3 Within its area of exclusive jurisdiction, each RA is the ADS for the coal mining geospatial data that it creates and uses to regulate mining activity. 4.4 Limitations of Use— Uses of a national dataset are limited by several factors affecting the completeness, currency, and accuracy, of various data sources. 4.4.1 Completeness— Participation in the compilation of spatial data may not be uniform across RAs, which may affect completeness, both in terms of spatial data, and associated attributes. For some RAs, this standard may not be applicable because features described herein do not occur within their area of responsibility. 4.4.2 Currency— Source data is subject to change as a result of regulatory actions that may change the geographical location, extent, or attributes of particular features which may not be reflected in the national dataset. If detailed information is needed for individual features, the appropriate RA should be contacted for additional information. 4.4.3 Data compiled in accordance with this standard is not intended to be used as a primary source for evaluating risk or safety. 4.4.4 Data compiled in accordance with this standard is intended for informative purposes; it is not authoritative.