1.1 本指南涵盖了对准确性和偏差陈述的编制和解释有用的术语。本指南不建议使用特定的统计方法。它提供了对术语、方法和选项的认识，以用于准确性和偏见陈述。 1.2 在制定准确性和偏差陈述时，重要的是要理解所涉及的统计概念，并确定影响结果的变异性的主要来源。 附录X1和 附录X2 提供这些概念的简要概述。 1.3 为了说明统计概念并证明变异性的一些来源，在中分析了一个假设数据集 附录X2 。本指南通篇引用了此示例。 1.4 运送核材料进行实验室间试验可能很困难。在这种情况下，精度声明可能只反映在- 实验室变异性。 1.5 本统计分析中未使用任何单位。 1.6 本指南不涉及材料、操作或设备的使用，也不涉及任何相关风险。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 为了描述标准测试方法的性能，需要精度和偏差说明。 5. E11概率与统计委员会已经发布了针对这些术语的标准以及准确性和偏差声明的编制；其中包括实践 E177 和 E691 。在少量测试结果不支持统计正态性的情况下，不应使用这些做法。 4.2 本指南旨在帮助分析师准备和解释准确性和偏差声明。至关重要的是，在使用这些术语时，其含义应清晰易懂。 4.3 附录X1和 附录X2 为精确和偏差概念和实践提供理论基础 E691 解决了可变性来源的问题。为了说明变异性来源与精度和偏差陈述的公式之间的相互作用，在中分析了一个假设数据集 附录X2 这个例子表明，根据数据的收集方式，可能会有不同的精度和偏差陈述。在本指南中可以找到对该示例的参考。 4.4 关于某些统计术语的确切含义，统计和计量界内外一直存在着许多争论。因此，遵循第节中的一些术语 3. 是该术语使用的几种方式的列表。此列表并不意味着这些含义是等效的或同等可接受的。这里的目的更多的是鼓励明确定义所使用的术语，而不是偏袒一方。当使用这些术语时，应明确定义它们。 4.5 本指南旨在帮助理解准确性和偏差陈述中使用的统计概念。我们无意将此作为一个独立的统计介绍。由于许多分析师没有受过正式的统计培训，因此建议在必要时咨询受过培训的统计学家以进行进一步澄清。

1.1 This guide covers terminology useful for the preparation and interpretation of precision and bias statements. This guide does not recommend a specific statistical method. It provides awareness of terminology and approaches and options to use for precision and bias statements. 1.2 In formulating precision and bias statements, it is important to understand the statistical concepts involved and to identify the major sources of variability that affect results. Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 provide a brief summary of these concepts. 1.3 To illustrate the statistical concepts and to demonstrate some sources of variability, a hypothetical data set has been analyzed in Appendix X2 . Reference to this example is made throughout this guide. 1.4 It can be difficult to ship nuclear materials for interlaboratory testing. When this is the case, precision statements may reflect only within-laboratory variability. 1.5 No units are used in this statistical analysis. 1.6 This guide does not involve the use of materials, operations, or equipment and does not address any risk associated. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 To describe the performance of a standard test method, precision and bias statements are required. 5 Committee E11 on Probability and Statistics has published standards addressing these terms and the preparation of precision and bias statements; these include Practices E177 and E691 . These practices should not be used in cases where small numbers of test results do not support statistical normality. 4.2 The intent of this guide is to help analysts prepare and interpret precision and bias statements. It is essential that, when the terms are used, their meaning should be clear and easily understood. 4.3 Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 provide the theoretical foundation for precision and bias concepts and Practice E691 addresses the problem of sources of variability. To illustrate the interplay between sources of variability and formulation of precision and bias statements, a hypothetical data set is analyzed in Appendix X2 . This example shows that depending on how the data was collected, different precision and bias statements are possible. Reference to this example will be found throughout this guide. 4.4 There has been much debate inside and outside the statistical and metrological community on the exact meaning of some statistical terms. Thus, following a number of the terms in Section 3 is a list of several ways in which that term has been used. This listing is not meant to indicate that these meanings are equivalent or equally acceptable. The purpose here is more to encourage clear definition of terms used than to take sides. When these terms are used, they should be defined clearly. 4.5 This guide is intended as an aid to understanding the statistical concepts used in precision and bias statements. There is no intention that this be a self-contained introduction to statistics. Since many analysts have no formal statistical training, it is advised that a trained statistician be consulted for further clarification if necessary.