ISO 11929系列规定了在电离辐射计量学领域中，当执行具有预选时间或计数的计数测量时，用于计算非负电离辐射测量对象的“判定阈值”、“检测极限”和“覆盖间隔的极限”的过程。被测对象来自总计数率和背景计数率以及基于评估模型的其他量。特别地，被测物可以是作为总计数率和背景计数率之差的净计数率，或样品的净活性。它还会受到测量系统校准、样品处理和其他因素的影响。 ISO 11929分为四个部分，涵盖ISO 11929中的基本应用-1、基于ISO 11929-2中ISO/IEC指南98-3-1的高级应用、本文档中展开方法的应用以及ISO 11929-4中的应用指南。 ISO 11929-1涵盖了电离辐射计量领域中常用的计数测量的基本应用。它仅限于可以根据ISO/IEC指南98-3（JCGM 2008）评估不确定性的应用。在ISO 11929-1:20 19的附录A中，涵盖了具有随机影响的重复计数测量的特殊情况，而在ISO 11929-1:20 19的附录B中涵盖了线性模拟速率计的测量。 ISO 11929-2将以前的ISO 11929:2010扩展到根据ISO/IEC指南98-3-1评估测量不确定度。ISO 11929-2还提供了一些关于计数测量的一般方面和测量中的贝叶斯统计的解释性说明。本文件涉及使用展开方法进行测量的评估，以及如果通过展开方法进行评估，则对光谱多通道测量进行计数，特别是对于α和γ？光谱测量。此外，它还提供了一些关于如何处理相关性和协方差的建议。 ISO 11929-4为ISO 11929系列的应用提供了指导，简要总结了一般程序，然后给出了广泛的数值示例。 ISO 11929标准也类似地适用于任何类型的其他测量，特别是如果涉及类似的评估模型。另外的实际例子可以在例如ISO 18589[7]、ISO 9696[2]、ISO 9697[3]、ISO 9698[4]、ISO 10703[5]、ISO 7503[1]、ISO 28218[8]和ISO 11665[6]中找到。 注:根据ISO 11929-1至ISO 11929-3。uncertradio[35][36]可从https://www.thuenen.de/en/fi/fields-of-activity/marine-environment/coordination-centre-of-radioactivity/uncertradio/免费下载。下载包含一个安装程序安装文件，该文件将所有文件和文件夹复制到用户指定的文件夹中。安装后，必须将信息添加到Windows的路径中，如pop所示？安装过程中打开窗口。可以选择英语，并提供广泛的“帮助”信息。

The ISO 11929 series specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the "decision threshold", the "detection limit" and the "limits of the coverage interval" for a non-negative ionizing radiation measurand when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out. The measurand results from a gross count rate and a background count rate as well as from further quantities on the basis of a model of the evaluation. In particular, the measurand can be the net count rate as the difference of the gross count rate and the background count rate, or the net activity of a sample. It can also be influenced by calibration of the measuring system, by sample treatment and by other factors. ISO 11929 has been divided into four parts covering elementary applications in ISO 11929-1, advanced applications on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3-1 in ISO 11929-2, applications to unfolding methods in this document, and guidance to the application in ISO 11929-4. ISO 11929-1 covers basic applications of counting measurements frequently used in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. It is restricted to applications for which the uncertainties can be evaluated on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (JCGM 2008). In Annex A of ISO 11929-1:2019, the special case of repeated counting measurements with random influences is covered, while measurements with linear analogous ratemeters, are covered in Annex B of ISO 11929-1:2019. ISO 11929-2 extends the former ISO 11929:2010 to the evaluation of measurement uncertainties according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3-1. ISO 11929-2 also presents some explanatory notes regarding general aspects of counting measurements and on Bayesian statistics in measurements. This document deals with the evaluation of measurements using unfolding methods and counting spectrometric multi-channel measurements if evaluated by unfolding methods, in particular, for alpha- and gamma？spectrometric measurements. Further, it provides some advice on how to deal with correlations and covariances. ISO 11929-4 gives guidance to the application of the ISO 11929 series, summarizes shortly the general procedure and then presents a wide range of numerical examples. ISO 11929 Standard also applies analogously to other measurements of any kind especially if a similar model of the evaluation is involved. Further practical examples can be found, for example, in ISO 18589^[7], ISO 9696^[2], ISO 9697^[3], ISO 9698^[4], ISO 10703^[5], ISO 7503^[1], ISO 28218^[8], and ISO 11665^[6]. NOTE A code system, named UncertRadio, is available for calculations according to ISO 11929- 1 to ISO 11929-3. UncertRadio^[35][36] can be downloaded for free from https://www.thuenen.de/en/fi/fields-of-activity/marine-environment/coordination-centre-of-radioactivity/uncertradio/. The download contains a setup installation file which copies all files and folders into a folder specified by the user. After installation one has to add information to the PATH of Windows as indicated by a pop？up window during installation. English language can be chosen and extensive "help" information is available.