在过去的十年里，利用膜技术回收废水已不仅仅是一个现实的问题 对于许多城市来说是可能的，但对于那些位于干旱地区的城市来说是必要的。结合 膜过滤、反渗透（RO）和高级氧化（紫外线和过氧化氢）处理市政污水 饮用水水质以外的废水已在全球范围内被证明是市政当局的首选流程 为了减少工业或农业对饮用水的依赖，实施间接饮用水管理 重复使用应用程序，甚至创建直接的饮用水重复使用供应。有三个这样的市政当局使用了这种方法 先进的处理工艺可以将本地废水排放物用于多种用途，但有着共同的目标 维持当地饮用水供应。本文比较了这三种大型水循环系统的运行数据和性能 设施包括:加利福尼亚州卡森市西盆地市政供水区；加利福尼亚州喷泉谷的奥兰治县水区； 布里斯班的西部走廊再生水项目（WCWRP）， 澳大利亚昆士兰。特别关注的是微滤（MF）和反渗透系统，并讨论了启动和正在进行的操作 在每个地点遇到的问题。包括数字。

Within the last decade, wastewater reclamation using membrane technologies has become not only a realistic possibility for many municipalities, but a necessity for those located within dry, arid regions. The combination of membrane filtration, reverse osmosis (RO), and advanced oxidation (ultraviolet [UV] light and hydrogen peroxide) to treat municipal effluents beyond drinking water qualities has been demonstrated globally as the process of choice for municipalities that are looking to reduce dependence on potable water for industrial or agricultural uses, implement indirect potable reuse applications, or even to create direct potable reuse supplies. Three such municipalities have used this advanced treatment process on their own local wastewater effluents for a variety of uses, but with the common goal of sustaining local potable water supplies. This paper compares operational data and performances for each of these three large scale water recycling facilities that include: the West Basin Municipal Water District in Carson, California; Orange County Water District in Fountain Valley, California; and, the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project (WCWRP) in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Particular attention is focused on the microfiltration (MF) and RO systems at each, with discussion of startup and ongoing issues experienced at each location. Includes figures.