1.1 本指南涵盖了使用直接剪切池获得可靠和准确的散装固体流动数据的理论和原理。它包括三种最常见的直剪细胞类型的特征和局限性:平移细胞( D6128 )，环形( D6773 )，和旋转( D6682 和 D7891 ). 1.2 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.4 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 大量工业过程涉及散装固体的转移和进料，这些材料在这些操作过程中以受控方式流动的能力对产品质量至关重要。 5.2 在散装固体处理的工业应用中，直接剪切池是测量散装固体流动特性的最重要方法之一。 5.3 与测量散装固体流动特性的简单方法相比，直接剪切池具有许多优势，但其操作更复杂，必须仔细控制其使用程序，以产生准确且可重复的数据。 5.4 三种最常见的直剪细胞类型是:平移细胞( D6128 )，环形( D6773 )，和旋转( D6682 和 D7891 ). 5.5 从剪切单元数据中，可以获得多种参数，包括代表初始流动时剪切应力与法向应力关系的屈服轨迹、内摩擦角、无侧限屈服强度、内聚力和各种相关参数，如流动函数。 5.6 此外，这三个直接剪切单元可以与壁试件一起设置，以测量壁摩擦。 5.7 当剪切单元数据与无侧限屈服强度、壁摩擦数据和体积密度数据相结合时，它们可用于料仓和料斗的评估和设计。

1.1 This guide covers theory and principles for obtaining reliable and accurate bulk solids flow data using a direct shear cell. It includes characteristics and limitations of the three most popular direct shear cell types: Translational ( D6128 ), Annular ( D6773 ), and Rotational ( D6682 and D7891 ). 1.2 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard. 1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 A large number of industrial processes involve transfer and feeding of bulk solids, and the ability of such materials to flow in a controlled manner during these operations is critical to product quality. 5.2 Direct shear cells are among the most important methods for measuring the flow properties of bulk solids in industrial applications for bulk solids handling. 5.3 Direct shear cells have many advantages over simpler methods of measuring bulk solids flow properties, but their operation is more complex and the procedures for their use must be carefully controlled to produce accurate and reproducible data. 5.4 The three most popular direct shear cell types are: Translational ( D6128 ), Annular ( D6773 ), and Rotational ( D6682 and D7891 ). 5.5 From shear cell data, a wide variety of parameters can be obtained, including the yield locus representing the shear stress to normal stress relationship at incipient flow, angle of internal friction, unconfined yield strength, cohesion, and a variety of related parameters such as the flow function. 5.6 In addition, these three direct shear cells can be set up with wall coupons to measure wall friction. 5.7 When the shear cell data are combined with unconfined yield strength, wall friction data, and bulk density data, they can be used for bin and hopper evaluation and design.