最近，使用低水平的中低压紫外线（UV）照明 微小隐孢子虫卵囊的成功灭活产生了巨大的影响 水行业的兴奋。虽然这些发现得到了 在大量的实验室水平的独立研究中，在美国几乎没有经验。 使用紫外线对成品水进行全面消毒。人们对尊重存在担忧 除了生物剂量学实验 验证反应器的生物灭活性能，其他问题包括 反应器性能效率的测定，悬浮金属的影响 或其他水特性对灯管污垢、灯的有效性和可靠性的影响 清洁机制，紫外线测量传感器的稳定性，与 在现有水处理厂改造紫外线系统，操作和维护 与紫外线消毒相关的成本，灯具老化对交付的影响 目标紫外线剂量和紫外线对消毒副产物（DBPs）形成的影响；或 退化。 尽管预计紫外线消毒的经验将提供信息 在其中一些问题上，在供水之前需要调查某些参数 可以承诺将紫外线消毒作为保护环境的多重屏障之一 来自水传播致病微生物的公共卫生。解决其中一些问题 运营问题，美国最大的投资商美国水务公司。 s 一直积极参与确定紫外线应用于医疗的长期可行性 成品水的处理。一个12英寸直径4 x 1千瓦的密闭室紫外线反应器 安装在宾夕法尼亚州美国实验室颗粒活性炭过滤后 Hayes矿山的水处理厂，并以成品水连续运行 水流量为600 gpm。在12个月的时间里，各种化学物质（THM、HAA、， UV254、DOC、TOC、金属、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐）和物理测量（灯电压、， 监测电流、传感器测量）。此外，还包括功率等参数 与反应堆功能相关的消耗和其他运行问题（即频率 停电、部件故障等的风险。 )都被记录下来了。进行了反应堆验证研究 使用枯草芽孢杆菌孢子、MS2噬菌体和脱诺球菌进行 耐辐射药物作为生物剂量学的替代物，并利用各种灯具配置作为替代物 还有灯光时代。包括7个参考文献、图表。

Recently the use of low levels of medium- and low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) light for successful inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts has generated tremendous excitement in the water industry. While these findings have been corroborated by numerous independent studies at the bench-scale level, there is little experience in the U.S. with full scale disinfection of finished water, using UV light. Concerns exist with respect to the reliability of UV technology and, in addition to biodosimetry experiments to validate reactor performance for organism inactivation, additional issues include determination of the performance efficiency of the reactors, effects of suspended metals or other water characteristics on lamp sleeve fouling, effectiveness and reliability of lamp cleaning mechanisms, UV measurement sensors' stability, costs associated with retrofitting UV systems into existing water treatment plants, operation and maintenance costs associated with employment of UV disinfection, impact of lamp aging on delivery of target UV doses and impact of UV on disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation or degeneration. Although it is anticipated that experience with UV disinfection will provide information on some of these issues, certain parameters need to be investigated before water utilities can commit to using UV disinfection as one of the multiple barriers for protection of public health from waterborne disease causing organisms. To address some of these operational issues, American Water, the largest investor owned water utility in the U.S., has been actively involved in ascertaining the long-term feasibility of applying UV for treatment of finished water. A 12 inch diameter 4 x 1 KW, closed chamber UV reactor was installed after granular activated carbon filtration at the Pennsylvania American Water treatment plant at Hayes Mine and was operated continuously with a finished water flow rate of 600 gpm. Over a 12 month period, various chemical (THM, HAA, UV254, DOC, TOC, metals, nitrate, nitrites) and physical measurements (lamp voltage, current, sensor measurements) were monitored. Also, parameters such as power consumption and other operational issues associated with reactor function (i.e. frequency of power outages, failing components, etc.) were recorded. Reactor validation studies were performed using Bacillus subtilis spores, MS2 bacteriophage and Deinococcus radiodurans as a biodosimetery surrogates and utilized various lamp configurations as well as lamp age. Includes 7 references, figures.