当管道系统与负载敏感设备相互作用时，允许的界面反应可能会影响管道系统的设计。不现实的低允许反作用力可能会增加管道系统成本，而过高的反作用力可能会增加设备维护成本。泵和管道设计人员需要通力合作，在生命周期的基础上实现最具成本效益的泵-管道系统。泵的过度管道反应会导致高振动、联轴器故障和泵轴错位。在严重情况下，会出现法兰接头泄漏，偶尔会出现叶轮摩擦或壳体变形。过度的轴错位反过来会导致过早的密封和轴承故障。这些困难是一项成本高昂的维护项目，也可能导致工厂停工，严重时还会导致火灾和大面积损坏。 本指南介绍了行业实践，旨在尽量减少这些困难，同时考虑资本和生命周期成本。在行业调查的推动下，开展了一项调查，以建立一个经验基础，了解管道反应对离心泵的影响、所遇到问题的性质、设计和安装泵管道系统所用的标准和标准，以及行业对该问题的态度。调查集中于管道和泵系统设计师、规范制定者、制造商和操作员的经验和需求。其目的是帮助PVRC确定其在这些领域的研究重点。调查结果证实存在泵喷嘴负载问题，且对行业成本有重大影响。这种影响有两大方面: 运行和维护成本，例如:因过度振动、外壳裂纹或变形、法兰泄漏和联轴器故障导致的停机；资本项目成本，例如在购买泵之前，由于对所需泵强度和管道负荷标准了解不足而产生的成本。本指南的目的是:为流程和电力行业的泵-管道系统设计、布局、安装和校准制定推荐做法和指南；提供一致的建议允许管道反作用力和泵强度标准（如果目前没有）。本指南主要是通过汇编和记录流程和电力行业目前在各种服务中使用的最合适的实践而制定的。该指南主要是基于广泛的标准工程实践。 然而，对于关键管道系统的管道到泵法兰对准，建议采用新的公差，对于目前不存在的情况，建议采用新的允许管道反作用力和泵强度标准。这些指南中的许多适用于其他类型的负荷敏感设备（如涡轮机、压缩机和空气翅片热交换器）的管道，几乎没有修改。然而，本指南并不试图将提供的信息扩展到离心泵之外。

Where piping systems interact with load sensitive equipment it is likely that the allowed interface reactions will govern the pipe system design. Unrealistically low allowable reactions may increase piping system cost while excessively high reactions may increase equipment maintenance costs. The cooperative best efforts of pump and piping designers are needed to arrive at the most cost effective pump piping system on a life cycle basis.Excessive piping reactions at pumps cause high vibration, coupling failures, and pump shaft misalignment. In severe cases there are flanged joint leaks and the occasional occurrence of impeller rub or casing distortion. Excessive shaft misalignment in turn leads to premature seal and bearing failures. These difficulties are a costly maintenance item that can also result in plant shutdowns, and in severe cases, fires and extensive damage. This guide presents industry practices intended to minimize these difficulties while keeping capital and life cycle costs in perspective.A survey prompted by industry inquiries was conducted to establish an experience base about the effect of pipe reactions on centrifugal pumps, the nature of the problems experienced, the standards and criteria used to design and install pump piping systems, and industry attitudes on the issue. The survey concentrated on the experience and needs of piping and pump system designers, specifiers, manufacturers, and operators. It was designed to help the PVRC determine, among other things, its research priorities in these areas.The survey results confirmed that a pump nozzle load problem exists, and that it has significant cost impact on industry. This impact was in two broad areas: Operating and maintenance costs, such as: shutdowns caused by excessive vibration, cracks or deformation to casings, flange leaks and coupling failures; capital project costs, such as those accruing from a poor understanding of required pump strength and piping load criteria before pump purchase.The purpose of this Guide is to: Establish recommended practices and guidelines for pump piping system design, layout, installation and alignment for the process and power industries; Provide consistent recommended allowable pipe reaction and pump strength criteria where none exist at present.This Guide was developed mainly by assembling and documenting the most appropriate practices currently in use by the process and power industries for various services. The guidelines are mainly broad-based and considered standard engineering practice. Nevertheless, new tolerances are suggested for pipe to pump flange alignment of critical piping systems and new allowable pipe reaction and pump strength criteria for situations where none presently exist.Many of these guidelines apply with little modification to piping for other types of load sensitive equipment such as turbines, compressors and air fin heat exchangers. However, this Guide does not attempt to extend the information presented beyond centrifugal pumps.