1.1 这些试验方法包括使用浇注装置和校准砂测定土壤和岩石的就地密度，以确定试坑的体积。这些测试方法中的“岩石”一词用于暗示被测试材料通常包含大于3英寸的颗粒。[75毫米]。 1.2 这些试验方法最适用于体积为0.03至0.17 m的试坑 3. [1至6英尺 3. ]. 通常，受试材料的最大粒径为75至125 mm[3至5 In]。 1.2.1 对于较大尺寸的开挖和含有较大颗粒的土壤，试验方法 D5030 是首选。 1.2.2 试验方法 D1556 或 D2167 通常用于确定小于0.03 m的测试孔体积 3. [1英尺 3. ]. 而这些试验方法中所示的设备用于小于0.03 m的体积 3. [1英尺 3. ]，测试方法允许在必要时使用更大版本的设备。 1.3 提供以下两种测试方法: 1.3.1 试验方法A- 总材料的就地密度（截面 10 ). 1.3.2 试验方法B- 对照组分的就地密度（第 11 ). 1.4 试验方法的选择: 1.4.1 当要确定总材料的就地密度时，使用试验方法A。当被测原位材料中的最大粒径不超过实验室压实试验中允许的最大粒径时，试验方法A也可用于确定压实百分比或相对密度百分比（参考试验方法 D698 , D1557 , D4253 , D4254 和 D7382 ). 对于试验方法 D698 和 D1557 只有在实验室压实试验中确定的干密度可以根据实践限制对较大粒径进行校正 D4718 . 1.4.2 当要确定压实百分比或相对密度百分比，且现场材料包含的颗粒大于实验室压实试验或实践中允许的最大粒径时，使用试验方法B D4718 不适用于实验室压实试验。然后将材料视为由两部分组成。根据指定的筛分尺寸，将现场干密度测试的材料物理上分为对照组分和超大组分（见第节） 3. ). 计算对照组分的干密度，并与实验室压实试验确定的干密度进行比较。 1.5 可以使用手动工具挖掘的任何材料都可以进行测试，前提是岩体中的孔隙或孔隙足够小（或使用衬垫），以防止测试中使用的校准砂进入自然孔隙。受试材料应具有足够的凝聚力或颗粒联锁，以在试坑开挖期间和完成本试验期间保持稳定。它还应足够坚固，不会因挖掘孔和浇注沙子时施加的较小压力而变形或脱落。 1.6 这些试验方法通常仅限于非饱和条件下的材料，不建议用于软质或易碎（易破碎）或水渗入手挖孔的水条件下的材料。对于在试验过程中因站在或行走在孔附近而容易变形或可能在开挖孔中发生体积变化的材料，试验方法的准确性可能会受到影响。 1.7 括号内以国际单位制或英寸-磅表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.8 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.8.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集、记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。 此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险声明，请参阅第节 8. 和 A1.5 . ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些试验方法用于确定土堤、道路填料和结构回填施工中压实材料的现场密度。 对于施工控制，这些试验方法通常用作验收压实至规定密度或标准实验室试验方法（如根据试验方法确定）确定的最大单位重量百分比的材料的基础 D698 或 D1557 )，受中讨论的限制 1.4 . 5.2 这些试验方法可用于确定天然土壤沉积物、骨料、土壤混合物或其他类似材料的就地密度。 注1: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观测试。这些试验方法的使用者应注意遵守规程 D3740 本身不能确保可靠的结果。可靠的测试取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the in-place density of soil and rock using a pouring device and calibrated sand to determine the volume of a test pit. The word “rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. [75 mm]. 1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a volume from 0.03 to 0.17 m 3 [1 to 6 ft 3 ]. In general, the materials tested would have a maximum particle size of 75 to 125 mm [3 to 5 in.]. 1.2.1 For larger sized excavations and soil containing larger particles, Test Method D5030 is preferred. 1.2.2 Test Method D1556 or D2167 are usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 0.03 m 3 [1 ft 3 ]. While the equipment illustrated in these test methods is used for volumes less than 0.03 m 3 [1 ft 3 ], the test methods allow larger versions of the equipment to be used when necessary. 1.3 Two test methods are provided as follows: 1.3.1 Test Method A— In-Place Density of Total Material (Section 10 ). 1.3.2 Test Method B— In-Place Density of Control Fraction (Section 11 ). 1.4 Selection of Test Methods: 1.4.1 Test Method A is used when the in-place density of total material is to be determined. Test Method A can also be used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (refer to Test Methods D698 , D1557 , D4253 , D4254 , and D7382 ). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the dry density determined in the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations of Practice D4718 . 1.4.2 Test Method B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material from the in-place dry density test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designated sieve size (see Section 3 ). The dry density of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the dry density(s) established by the laboratory compaction test(s). 1.5 Any materials that can be excavated with hand tools can be tested provided that the void or pore openings in the mass are small enough (or a liner is used) to prevent the calibrated sand used in the test from entering the natural voids. The material being tested should have sufficient cohesion or particle interlocking to maintain stable sides during excavation of the test pit and through completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to deform or slough due to the minor pressures exerted in digging the hole and pouring the sand. 1.6 These test methods are generally limited to material in an unsaturated condition and are not recommended for materials that are soft or friable (crumble easily) or in a water condition such that water seeps into the hand-excavated hole. The accuracy of the test methods may be affected for materials that deform easily or that may undergo volume change in the excavated hole from standing or walking near the hole during the test. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Sections 8 and A1.5 . ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These test methods are used to determine the in-place density of compacted materials in construction of earth embankments, road fills, and structure backfill. For construction control, these test methods are often used as the bases for acceptance of material compacted to a specified density or to a percentage of a maximum unit weight determined by a standard laboratory test method (such as determined from Test Method D698 or D1557 ), subject to the limitations discussed in 1.4 . 5.2 These test methods can be used to determine the in-place density of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar material. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.