1.1 本实践包括确定可以采集建筑材料样品的随机位置（或时间）。对于固定样品的确切物理程序，如取样工具的描述、样品所需的增量数量或样品的大小，应参考适当的标准方法。第节中的选择程序 6 利用中给出的四位数表 表1 . 1.2 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.3 本国际标准是根据关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定中确定的国际公认的标准化原则制定的世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的数据。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 该实践对于确定采集样本的位置或时间或两者是有用的，以便最小化采集样本的人的任何无意偏差。 附注1: 这种做法在获得随机样本方面的有效性仅受到用户遵循规定程序的认真程度的限制。 4.2 本标准中的选择程序和示例为确保以随机方式获得建筑材料样品提供了实用的方法。有关样品增量的数量、样品数量、每个样品中的材料数量以及从施工批次或工艺中提取样品增量或样品的程序的其他详细信息包含在实践中 C172/C172M , C183/C183M , D75/D75M , D140/D140M , D979/D979M , D5361/D5361M 和测试方法 D345 . 4.3 本标准包含引用道路和铺路材料的示例。本文概述的概念适用于任何建筑材料的随机取样，并且可以容易地适应于此。 4.4 指南中提供了其他取样指南 E105 关于概率抽样，实践 E122 关于选择样本量来估计批次或过程的平均质量（见 附注2 ），并且在实践中 E141 根据概率抽样结果接受证据。 附注2: 实践中包含的指导 E122 在本节引用的其他文档中不可用。 4.5 确保建筑材料样本包括整个建筑过程的最佳和最实用的方法是将分层随机抽样程序纳入抽样过程。为了实施分层随机抽样程序，将待抽样批次分成所需数量相等的子批次，并根据本标准对每个子批次进行随机抽样。 附注3: 如果子批次大小不等，可能需要称量样品，以保持公平和合理的取样过程。

1.1 This practice covers the determination of random locations (or timing) at which samples of construction materials can be taken. For the exact physical procedures for securing the sample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the number of increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample, reference should be made to the appropriate standard method. The selection procedures in Section 6 utilize the table of four-digit numbers given in Table 1 . 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location or time, or both, to take a sample in order to minimize any unintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample. Note 1: The effectiveness of this practice in achieving random samples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the user in following the stipulated procedures. 4.2 The selection procedures and examples in this standard provide a practical approach for ensuring that construction material samples are obtained in a random manner. Additional details concerning the number of sample increments, the number of samples, the quantities of material in each, and the procedures for extracting sample increments or samples from the construction lot or process are contained in Practices C172/C172M , C183/C183M , D75/D75M , D140/D140M , D979/D979M , D5361/D5361M , and Test Method D345 . 4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and paving materials. The concepts outlined herein are applicable to the random sampling of any construction material and can easily be adapted thereto. 4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in Guide E105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E122 concerning choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality of a lot or process (see Note 2 ), and in Practice E141 for acceptance of evidence based on results of probability sampling. Note 2: The guidance contained in Practice E122 is not available in other documents referenced in this section. 4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring that samples of construction materials include the full range of a construction process is by incorporating a stratified random sampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement a stratified random sampling procedure, divide the lot to be sampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomly sample each sublot in accordance with this standard. Note 3: If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary to weigh the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible sampling process.