超低压反渗透膜是一种有效的方法，用于在低于100 psi的压力下从低含盐水中去除一系列成分。这些膜已成功用于从含有各种有机和无机溶质的水中生产饮用水，因此有可能将多个处理目标有效地结合到一个膜工艺中:硬度和总溶解固体减少；低分子量截止值（通常为100-500道尔顿）有助于减少消毒副产品前体（DBPs）、三卤甲烷（THMs）前体、氯化DBPs，如卤乙酸、水合氯醛；有效降低TOC，天然有机分子（脱色），合成有机分子（杀虫剂）。 因此，有机化合物的浓度，尤其是监管机构关注的浓度，可以保持在合规状态。流体系统的超低压膜的制造方式可以减少某些水体中的污染趋势。这本身就是一个显著的优势，因为膜污染导致的膜效率降低已被观察到是水处理膜工艺发展的一个主要缺点。本文讨论了两种超低压薄膜复合膜:TFC-S和TFC-ULP。该膜已被并入螺旋缠绕元件中，该元件具有高效设计，以允许将固有膜特性转化为元件。对于压力低于100 psi的反渗透系统而言，有效的元件设计至关重要。 由于能源、泵和互连管道的成本降低，配置成高效元件的超低压膜提高了反渗透工艺的整体经济性。

Ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membranes have been developed as an effective method for the removal of a range of components from low salt content waters at pressures below 100 psi. These membranes have been successfully employed to produce potable water from waters containing various organic and inorganic solutes and therefore have the potential to efficiently combine several treatment objectives into a single membrane process: hardness and total dissolved solids reduction; low molecular weight cut-off, typically 100-500 daltons, assists with reduction of disinfection byproduct precursors (DBPs), trihalomethanes (THMs) precursors, chlorinated DBPs, such as haloacetic acids, chloral hydrates; effective TOC reduction, naturally occurring organic molecules (color removal), synthetic organic molecules (pesticides). As a result, the concentrations of organic compounds, particularly those of regulatory interest, can be maintained in compliance. The Fluid Systems' ultra-low pressure membranes are fabricated in such a way as to reduce the fouling tendency in certain waters. This in itself is a significant advantage in that the reduction of membrane efficiency due to membrane fouling has been observed to be a major drawback to the development of membrane processes for water treatment. Two types of ultra-low pressure thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, TFC -S and TFC -ULP, are discussed in this paper. The membranes have been incorporated into spiral wound elements having an efficient design to allow for translation of the inherent membrane properties into elements. An efficient element design is essential for RO systems operated at pressures less than 100 psi. Ultra-low pressure membranes configured into efficient elements have resulted in improved overall RO process economics due to cost reductions in energy, pumps and interconnecting piping.