ISO/IEC TR 12182:2015规定了IT系统和软件分类的组织和表达方式。它提供了分类的框架和应用指南。这使得任何社区都可以通过使用自己的类别定义来明确他们的系统范围。 该框架的应用范围旨在涵盖IT系统和软件，包括IT系统提供的服务，这些服务可以是主要目标，但不限于:。 本技术报告的目的包括: a） 系统和软件工程标准的开发人员可以使用附件或指南定义其对不同类别的目标系统和软件的适用性，以便其用户能够轻松确定他们可以应用的相关标准和条款； b） 系统和软件工程工具和方法的供应商可以澄清其技术适用或受限的目标系统和软件的类型，以便其用户可以在众多候选工具和方法中轻松选择合适的工具和方法供其使用； c） 服务提供者可以使用分类轴定义其服务的特征，以便指定其服务的质量； d） 系统和软件的开发人员和评估人员可以使用分类轴对具有类似特征的系统和软件进行分类，以便更好地估计和评估其目标系统和待开发软件的质量； e） 系统和软件工程界可以在定义的应用范围内交流他们的研究想法和最佳实践。 ISO/IEC TR 12182没有提供一套具体的分类，但提供了分类框架，以及用于实现上述目的的指南。 重要的是，在采购或开发某些类型的系统时，应适当应用系统和软件工程标准。本技术报告提供了分类框架和应用指南，以帮助（1）定义标准的应用领域，以及（2）定位新标准。 本技术报告的附件提供了相关标准的描述性示例，每个示例都使用定义的分类描述了标准的应用领域。 注:提供适用性指导可能并不适用于所有标准。

ISO/IEC TR 12182:2015 specifies the manner in which categorizations of IT systems and software are organized and expressed. It provides the framework for categorizations, and a guide for applying it. This allows any community to clarify their scope of the systems by using their own definition of categories. The scope of application of the framework is intended to IT systems and software, including services provided by IT systems, where they can be of main targets but not limited to. The purpose of this Technical Report includes the following: a) developers of systems and software engineering standards can define their applicability to different categories of target systems and software using annexes or guidelines, so that their users can easily identify relevant standards and clauses that they can apply; b) suppliers of systems and software engineering tools and methods can clarify the types of target systems and software to which their technologies are applicable or limited so that their users can easily choose the right tools and methods among many candidates for their use; c) providers of services can define characteristics of their services using classification axes so that they can specify the quality of their services; d) developers and evaluators of the systems and software can categorize systems and software of similar characteristics by using classification axes so that they can obtain a better estimation and quality evaluation of their target systems and software to be developed; e) the systems and software engineering community can exchange their research ideas and best practices with defined scope of application. ISO/IEC TR 12182 does not provide a specific set of categorizations but the framework for categorizations and a guide for applying it to achieve the above purposes. It is important that standards on systems and software engineering are properly applied to the procurement or development of certain kinds of systems. This Technical Report provides a categorization framework and a guide for applying it to assist in (1) defining the area of application of standards, and (2) positioning new standards. The annex of this Technical Report provides descriptive examples for relevant standards, each of which describes the area of application of the standard by using defined categorization. NOTE Giving guidance on applicability might not be relevant to all standards.