1.1 本规程涵盖超滤（UF）系统渗透流量的标准化。 1.2 本规程适用于包括微咸水、海水和超纯水在内的天然水，包括用于发电、微电子和制药生产的水。它不一定适用于废水。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 在超滤系统的操作过程中，包括压力和温度在内的条件可能会发生变化，导致渗透流量发生变化（参见 注1 ). 为了有效评估系统性能，有必要在相同条件下比较渗透流量数据。由于数据可能并不总是在相同的条件下获得，因此有必要将在实际条件下获得的UF数据转换为一组恒定条件，从而使数据标准化。本规程的用户确定标准条件。本规程给出了仅在纯水上标准化超滤数据的程序。 注1: 进料浓度、错流速度以及装置和总系统回收率也会影响渗透速率，尤其是在非纯水条件下操作时。本实践不涉及这些系统条件。 5.2 本规程可用于包含螺旋缠绕、管状、板和框架以及中空纤维装置的系统。 5.3 这种做法可用于单个元件或多元件系统。然而，如果UF系统是分级的，则分别标准化每个阶段的渗透流量和盐通道。这需要各级进料入口和浓缩液出口的压力读数。 5.4 本规程适用于进料/浓缩液和渗透液流之间无明显泄漏的超滤系统。 5.5 本实践假设在实际操作条件下，超滤系统中不存在显著的渗透压差（Δπ）。相对于纯水操作，渗透压差将降低渗透速率。 5.6 本规程的用户应意识到，受污染的超滤装置产生的渗透流量比未受污染的装置少，并且在确定装置的渗透流量性能之前，可能希望进行冲洗、化学或机械清洗或其组合。

1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate flow for ultrafiltration (UF) systems. 1.2 This practice is applicable to natural waters including brackish waters, seawaters, and ultrapure waters including those used in power generation and microelectronics and pharmaceuticals production. It is not necessarily applicable to waste waters. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 During the operation of a UF system, conditions including pressure and temperature can vary, causing permeate flow to change (see Note 1 ). To effectively evaluate system performance, it is necessary to compare permeate flow data at the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the UF data obtained at actual conditions to a set of constant conditions, thereby standardizing the data. The user of this practice determines the standard conditions. This practice gives the procedure to standardize UF data on pure water only. Note 1: Feed concentration, crossflow velocity, and both device and total system recovery will also influence permeate rate, especially when operating on other than pure water. This practice does not address those system conditions. 5.2 This practice can be used for systems which contain spiral-wound, tubular, plate and frame, and hollow fiber devices. 5.3 This practice can be used for a single-element or a multi-element system. However, if the UF system is staged, standardize the permeate flow and salt passage for each stage separately. This requires pressure readings at the feed inlet and concentrate outlet of each stage. 5.4 This practice is applicable for UF systems with no significant leaks between the feed/concentrate and permeate streams. 5.5 This practice assumes no significant osmotic pressure differential (Δπ) exists in the UF system under the actual operating conditions. Differential osmotic pressure will reduce the permeate rate relative to operation on pure water. 5.6 The user of this practice should be aware that fouled UF devices will produce less permeate flow than nonfouled devices, and may wish to perform flushing, chemical, or mechanical cleaning, or combination thereof, prior to determining the permeate flow performance of the device.