本文的概念起源于如何定义可接受性的问题 水分配模型的校准标准。AWWA 2001年的一份报告 工程和计算机应用委员会（ECAC）题为“液压和水 分销系统的质量建模:美国和加拿大的趋势是什么？” 报道称，在174名调查对象中，只有48%的人认为他们的水力模型是正确的 校准。调查对象使用了各种校准方法 实现校准，并接受不同精度的校准。 由于以下原因，校准标准的定义将变得越来越重要: 加强对配水系统水质的监管。最近 颁布的第2阶段消毒副产品规则（第2阶段DBP规则）是美国环境保护局（USEPA）的第一个 专门将计算机建模作为评估方法的法规 监控地点。它允许校准后的水龄和水源追踪结果 作为一种可供选择的分布模型 规则要求的初步研究。 在颁布第二阶段DBP规则之前，ECAC 1999年的一份报告标题为 配电系统建模的校准指南建议: 美国模特界需要进行有意义的讨论 关于校准标准的必要性和有效性。为了进一步推动这一努力，本文 给出了几种介质的扩展周期模拟（EPS）模型校准结果 以及美国各地的大型公用事业公司。校准结果的评估是相对于 ECAC报告中的指南。 考虑到不同的实践及其对校准精度的影响， 关于在英国（UK）开发和校准模型的信息 本文还介绍了这一点。包括9个参考文献、表格、图表。

The concept for this paper originated with the question of how to define acceptable calibration criteria for water distribution models. A 2001 report by the AWWA Engineering and Computer Applications Committee (ECAC) titled "Hydraulic and Water Quality Modeling of Distribution Systems: What Are the Trends in the US and Canada" reported that only 48% of the 174 survey respondents considered their hydraulic model to be calibrated. Respondents had various definitions of calibration, used various methods to achieve calibration, and accepted varying accuracies of calibration. The definition of calibration criteria will become increasingly important as a result of increasing regulatory focus on water quality in the distribution system. The recently promulgated Stage 2 Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 DBP Rule) is the first U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulation that specifically identifies computer modelling as a method for evaluating monitoring locations. It allows water age and source trace results from calibrated distribution system models to be used as an alternative to extensive field measurements in initial studies required by the rule. Prior to promulgation of the Stage 2 DBP Rule, a 1999 report by the ECAC titled Calibration Guidelines for Distribution System Modeling suggested that additional meaningful discussion is needed among the United States (US) modeling community regarding the need and validity of calibration standards. To further that effort, this paper presents extended period simulation (EPS) model calibration results for several medium and large utilities across the US. The results of the calibrations are evaluated relative to the guidelines in the ECAC report. In consideration of different practices and their impact on calibration accuracies, information on the development and calibration of a model in the United Kingdom (UK) is also presented. Includes 9 references, tables, figures.