本研究研究研究了元素组成的深度不均匀性，以及 ESNA活性层中的电离官能团和聚合物交联度 纳滤（NF）和FT30反渗透（RO）膜。这项研究还检测了元素 卢瑟福背散射光谱法测定大部分活性层的组成 （RBS）和使用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）的活性层表面。 最后，通过制备膜样品来研究官能团的浓度 之前的研究报告了离子探测程序，并对制备的样品进行了分析 样品使用RBS、XPS和飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF-SIMS）。 结果表明，羧基的浓度和聚合物的度 ESNA和FT30膜活性层的交联度在顶部附近较高 表面活性比在活性层的体积大。相比之下，胺基被发现是 优先位于FT30活性层底部约100 nm处。包括21个参考文献，表1。

This research studied the depth heterogeneity of the elemental composition, concentration of ionized functional groups and degree of polymer cross-linking in the active layer of the ESNA nanofiltration (NF) and FT30 reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The study also examined the elemental composition of the bulk of the active layers using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and the surface of the active layers using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, the concentration of functional groups was studied by preparing membrane samples using the ion-probing procedure reported in previous studies, and analyzing the prepared samples using RBS, XPS and time-of-flight secondary ion-mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Results show that the concentration of carboxylic groups and degree of polymer crosslinking in the active layer of the ESNA and FT30 membranes are higher near the top surface than in the bulk of the active layer. In contrast, amine groups were found to be preferentially located in the bottom ~ 100 nm of the FT30 active layer. Includes 21 references, table.