1.1 用于进行气象测量的传感器系统可以在环境室或风洞中进行实验室精度测试，但不能完全模拟自然暴露。大气量在时间和空间上是连续变化的；因此，按照实践要求重复测量相同的数量 第177页 无法确定精度。本规程提供了两个测量系统在确定其操作可比性时使用的暴露、数据采样和处理的标准程序 ( 1. , 2. ) . 2. 1.2 提供的程序产生可用于统计分析的测量样本。 可比性是根据指定的统计参数定义的。其他统计参数可通过其他ASTM标准或统计手册中描述的方法计算 ( 3. ) . 1.3 如果两个测量系统相同，即品牌、型号和制造商相同，则操作可比性称为功能精度。 1.4 气象测定通常需要同时测量以确定大气量的空间分布，或定期重复测量以确定时间分布，或两者兼而有之。在某些情况下，可以使用多个相同的系统，但在其他情况下，也可以使用混合的仪器系统。 本文描述的程序用于确定用于进行相同测量的相似或不同系统的可变性。 1.5 本标准无意解决与其使用相关的安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 （参见 8.1 了解更多具体的安全预防信息。） 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程提供了选择测量气象量的仪器系统所需的数据，并提供了此类系统测量精度的估计值。 5.2 这种做法基于这样的假设，即传感器系统对气象量的重复测量将围绕真实值加上不可知的系统差随机变化。给定无限分辨率，这些测量将具有由中心极限定理定义的关于系统差的高斯分布。如果已知或证明该假设对特定数量无效，则必须避免基于正态分布特征的结论。

1.1 Sensor systems used for making meteorological measurements may be tested for laboratory accuracy in environmental chambers or wind tunnels, but natural exposure cannot be fully simulated. Atmospheric quantities are continuously variable in time and space; therefore, repeated measurements of the same quantities as required by Practice E177 to determine precision are not possible. This practice provides standard procedures for exposure, data sampling, and processing to be used with two measuring systems in determining their operational comparability ( 1 , 2 ) . 2 1.2 The procedures provided produce measurement samples that can be used for statistical analysis. Comparability is defined in terms of specified statistical parameters. Other statistical parameters may be computed by methods described in other ASTM standards or statistics handbooks ( 3 ) . 1.3 Where the two measuring systems are identical, that is, same make, model, and manufacturer, the operational comparability is called functional precision. 1.4 Meteorological determinations frequently require simultaneous measurements to establish the spatial distribution of atmospheric quantities or periodically repeated measurement to determine the time distribution, or both. In some cases, a number of identical systems may be used, but in others a mixture of instrument systems may be employed. The procedures described herein are used to determine the variability of like or unlike systems for making the same measurement. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 8.1 for more specific safety precautionary information.) 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice provides data needed for selection of instrument systems to measure meteorological quantities and to provide an estimate of the precision of measurements made by such systems. 5.2 This practice is based on the assumption that the repeated measurement of a meteorological quantity by a sensor system will vary randomly about the true value plus an unknowable systematic difference. Given infinite resolution, these measurements will have a Gaussian distribution about the systematic difference as defined by the Central Limit Theorem. If it is known or demonstrated that this assumption is invalid for a particular quantity, conclusions based on the characteristics of a normal distribution must be avoided.