水下系统越来越多地用于水和废水处理 因为申请相对较低 与浸没式膜系统相比，浸没式膜系统的运行成本 外部对手。然而，与水下作业相关的运营成本 膜系统相对于与之相关的生物膜系统仍然相对较高 传统的处理技术，如砂滤。地震的规模 可维持的渗透通量是影响资本的最重要因素 以及与浸没式膜系统相关的运营成本。水流 用于评估浸没式膜系统性能的实验室规模方法 未提供设计全尺寸系统所需的信息。作为一个 结果，全尺寸系统的设计基于时间和资金的广泛试验和评估 使用相对较大的导频的错误方法- 比例尺系统。 本研究的目的是开发一种方法，用于生成 基于台架试验的全尺寸设计。这种方法基于一种更好的方法 了解膜表面传质的机理。 在试验过程中，导致跨膜压力增加的主要因素 膜的运行是指膜表面发生可逆和不可逆的污染 膜表面。确定了可逆和不可逆污垢系数 通过实验室规模的实验对选定的水源——膜 结构和水动力条件。（可以使用本文描述的方法。） 确定不同水源水、膜结构的污染系数 以及水动力条件。）发现不可逆污垢的程度是 通过膜的渗透通量的倒数函数。 对于使用的原水，不同温度下的不可逆污垢系数 渗透通量（Jv）可根据回归线的斜率进行估算。包括3个参考文献、图表。

Submerged systems are increasingly being used in water and wastewater treatment applications because of the relatively low operating costs associated with submerged membrane systems compared to their external counterparts. However, the operating costs associated with submerged membrane systems are still relatively high when compared to that associated with conventional treatment technologies such as sand filtration. The magnitude of the permeate flux that can be maintained is the most significant factor affecting the capital and operating costs associated with submerged membrane systems. The current bench-scale approach used to assess the performance of submerged membrane systems does not provide the information that is necessary to design full-scale systems. As a result, the design of full-scale systems is based on a time and capital extensive trial and error approach using relatively large pilot-scale systems. The objective of this study was to develop a method for generating the data necessary for full-scale designs based on bench scale testing. This approach is based on a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the mass transfer at the membrane surface. The primary factor that causes the increase in the trans-membrane pressure during the operation of the membrane is the occurrence of reversible and irreversible fouling on the membrane surface. The determination of the reversible and the irreversible fouling coefficients were conducted through bench scale experiments for a chosen source water, membrane configuration and hydrodynamic condition. (The approach described herein can be used to determine the fouling coefficients for different source water, membrane configuration and hydrodynamic conditions.) The extent of irreversible fouling was found to be a function of the inverse of the permeate flux through the membrane. For the raw water used, the irreversible fouling coefficient at different permeate fluxes (Jv) can be estimated from the slope of the regression line. Includes 3 references, figures.