1.1 本指南建立了一个框架，在该框架内，作为国家事故管理系统（NIMS）/事故指挥系统（ICS）的一部分，应开展快速水/洪水搜索和救援（SAR）行动。 1.2 本指南的要求应适用于响应swiftwater/flood SAR操作的个人、机构和组织，包括不受政府授权监管的个人、机构和组织。 1.3 本文件未定义参与swiftwater/flood SAR操作的人员所需的具体培训。请参阅当地、州、联邦、公共和私人swiftwater救援认证和操作课程，这些课程满足现有的有管辖权的机构（AHJ）的要求。 1.4 本指南包括对美利坚合众国更常见的参考文献，但也可在其他地方使用。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南建立了一个框架，在该框架内应进行swiftwater/flood SAR操作。 4.2 响应或参与swiftwater/flood SAR行动的每个人、机构和组织都应在本指南建立的框架内运作。 4.3 本指南及其建立的框架应与监管当局制定和授权的指南和程序结合使用。 4.4 AHJ应确定哪些人员、机构和/或组织有资格和授权参与swiftwater/flood SAR操作。 4.5 本指南供希望作为NIMS/ICS的一部分执行快速水/洪水SAR操作的个人和AHJ使用。 4.6 本指南并不独立，必须与参考文件一起使用，以安全有效地执行swiftwater/flood SAR操作。 4.7 监管当局将确定评估过程，以评估在多大程度上满足本标准的要求。 4.8 由于在急流/洪水环境中的作业具有固有的危险性，并且相关人员经常需要在不利条件下执行严格的活动，因此应在机构政策和程序中纳入区域和国家安全标准。 4.9 Swiftwater/flood人员只有在进行了彻底的风险评估和适当的风险缓解工作（例如，使用个人防护装备（PPE）、限制岸上技术的努力、将恢复推迟到更有利的水条件存在等）后，才能在Swiftwater环境中进行活动，或者至少，应遵循适用于swiftwater环境中活动的适当联邦、州、部落、省和地方安全标准。

1.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood Search and Rescue (SAR) operations shall be conducted as part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS). 1.2 The requirements of this guide shall apply to individuals, agencies, and organizations that respond to swiftwater/flood SAR operations, including those not regulated by government mandates. 1.3 This document does not define the specific training required for personnel involved in swiftwater/flood SAR operations. Refer to local, state, federal, public, and private swiftwater rescue certification and operations courses that satisfy the existing authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements. 1.4 This guide includes references more common to the United States of America, but may be adapted for use elsewhere. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood SAR operations shall be conducted. 4.2 Every person, agency, and organization that responds to, or participates in, swiftwater/flood SAR operations should operate within the framework established by this guide. 4.3 This guide and the framework it establishes should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by an AHJ. 4.4 The AHJ shall determine which personnel, agencies, and/or organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood SAR operations. 4.5 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJ that wish to perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations as part of the NIMS/ICS. 4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to safely and effectively perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations. 4.7 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess the extent to which the requirements of this standard are met. 4.8 Because operations in the swiftwater/flood environment are inherently dangerous, and individuals involved are frequently required to perform rigorous activities in adverse conditions, regional and national safety standards should be included in agency policies and procedures. 4.9 Swiftwater/flood personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (for example, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist, etc.) have been performed, or at the very least, should follow the appropriate federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments.