有时，人们会对工厂资本和运营成本感到困惑，尤其是当两个生产能力和设计相似的工厂产生截然不同的成本时。这些成本差异自然归因于特定地点的因素。可能对实际资本和运营成本产生显著影响的现场特定因素包括:水源（地下水或地表供水）；集中处理场；当地成本，如劳动力、化学品、电力等。；单位（列车）大小。因此，本文的目的是研究这些因素如何影响建造和运营此类设施的成本。为了确定这些不同的项目如何影响设施的成本，准备了两个参考设计。一个用于反渗透装置，另一个用于电渗析反渗透装置。

Confusion is sometimes expressed over plant capital and operating costs, particularly where two plants of similar production capacity and design incur very different costs. These differences i costs are naturally attributed to site-specific factors. Site-specific factors that can have a dramatic effect on the actual capital and operating costs include: water source (groundwater or surface supply); concentrate disposal sites; local costs such as labor, chemicals, electricity, etc.; unit (train) size. The objective of this paper, then, is to examine how these factors affect the costs of building and operation such a facility. In order to determine how these various items influence the costs of a facility, two reference designs were prepared. one for a reverse osmosis plant and another for an electrodialysis reversal plant.