最近，利用低水平的中低压紫外线（UV）成功地 微小隐孢子虫卵囊的失活在世界上引起了极大的兴奋 水工业。虽然这些发现已经得到了美国许多独立研究的证实 在实验室水平上，美国几乎没有对成品进行全面消毒的经验 水，使用紫外线。人们对紫外线技术的可靠性存在担忧 除了验证反应堆生物灭活性能的生物剂量学实验， 其他问题包括确定反应堆的性能效率，以及 悬浮金属或其他水对灯管污垢、有效性和稳定性的影响 灯具清洁机构的可靠性、紫外线测量传感器的稳定性、相关成本 将紫外线系统改造成现有的水处理厂，运行和维护 与紫外线消毒相关的成本，灯具老化对目标交付的影响 紫外线剂量和紫外线对消毒副产物（DBPs）形成或退化的影响。 尽管预计紫外线消毒的经验将提供一些信息 在这些问题中，某些参数需要在水务公司做出承诺之前进行调查 将紫外线消毒作为保护公众健康的多重屏障之一 水传播的致病微生物。为了解决其中一些运营问题，美国 水，一直积极参与 确定应用紫外线处理成品水的长期可行性。12英寸 直径4x1kw，密闭室紫外线反应器安装在颗粒活性炭之后 在宾夕法尼亚州美国水处理厂的Hayes矿场进行过滤，并投入运行 以600 gpm的成品水流量连续运行。在12个月的时间里，各种 化学（THM、HAA、UV254、DOC、TOC、金属、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐）和物理测量 （灯电压、电流、传感器测量值）被监控。还包括功率等参数 与反应堆功能相关的消耗和其他运行问题（即 记录了停电、部件故障等情况。进行了反应堆验证研究 使用枯草芽孢杆菌孢子、MS2噬菌体和耐辐射球菌作为 生物剂量学替代和利用了各种灯的配置以及灯的年龄。包括7个参考文献、图表。

Recently the use of low levels of medium- and low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) light for successful inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts has generated tremendous excitement in the water industry. While these findings have been corroborated by numerous independent studies at the bench-scale level, there is little experience in the U.S. with full scale disinfection of finished water, using UV light. Concerns exist with respect to the reliability of UV technology and, in addition to biodosimetry experiments to validate reactor performance for organism inactivation, additional issues include determination of the performance efficiency of the reactors, effects of suspended metals or other water characteristics on lamp sleeve fouling, effectiveness and reliability of lamp cleaning mechanisms, UV measurement sensors' stability, costs associated with retrofitting UV systems into existing water treatment plants, operation and maintenance costs associated with employment of UV disinfection, impact of lamp aging on delivery of target UV doses and impact of UV on disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation or degeneration. Although it is anticipated that experience with UV disinfection will provide information on some of these issues, certain parameters need to be investigated before water utilities can commit to using UV disinfection as one of the multiple barriers for protection of public health from waterborne disease causing organisms. To address some of these operational issues, American Water, has been actively involved in ascertaining the long-term feasibility of applying UV for treatment of finished water. A 12 inch diameter 4 x 1 KW, closed chamber UV reactor was installed after granular activated carbon filtration at the Pennsylvania American Water treatment plant at Hayes Mine and was operated continuously with a finished water flow rate of 600 gpm. Over a 12 month period, various chemical (THM, HAA, UV254, DOC, TOC, metals, nitrate, nitrites) and physical measurements (lamp voltage, current, sensor measurements) were monitored. Also parameters such as power consumption and other operational issues associated with reactor function (i.e. frequency of power outages, failing components, etc.) were recorded. Reactor validation studies were performed using Bacillus subtilis spores, MS2 bacteriophage and Deinococcus radiodurans as a biodosimetry surrogates and utilized various lamp configurations as well as lamp age. Includes 7 references, figures.