This paper contains an investigation of the influence of abrasive grain size distribution on typical abrasive water jet machining parameters, such as depth of cut, depth profile, and surface roughness. The size distributions of the abrasives were modeled by a Rammler-Rosin-Sperling (RRSB) distribution. It was found that the depth distribution and the surface roughness are very sensitive to the abrasive grain size distribution parameters, whereas the average depth of kerf is not influenced significantly. These results offer the possibility to select an optimum abrasive grain size distribution for maximum cut quality at fixed process conditions.