1.1 本指南说明了替代分配方法，这些方法为生命周期评估（LCA）研究中的二次物流和相关回收场景建模提供了选项。它有助于从业者描述和理解跨行业的材料回收；提供了考虑生命周期评价中材料和产品流产生的环境影响的可用方法；有助于评估系统的整体生命周期和了解材料；并支持生命周期管理。 1.2 本指南无意违背或规避ISO 14025、ISO 14040、ISO 14044、ISO 14067、ISO/TR 14049或ISO 21930的生命周期评价规定。 当发生与生命周期评价相关的冲突时，优先考虑这些ISO标准的指导。 1.3 包括以下七个特定于材料的附录: 标题 附录 铜的回收 附录X1 烟气脱硫石膏的回收利用 附录X2 玻璃回收 附录X3 塑料回收 附录X4 消费后石膏的回收 附录X5 不锈钢的回收 附录X6 辅助胶凝材料的回收 附录X7 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。国际单位制后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1. 5. 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 生命周期评价可以帮助确定产品或服务在整个生命周期中的一些潜在环境影响。 在生命周期清单分析中，排放到空气中；排入水体和土壤；并对产品生命周期各个阶段的产品、材料和能量流进行了汇编和量化。由此产生的生命周期影响评估（LCIA）将量化参数转换为环境影响类别。 4.2 在产品寿命结束时（EOL）管理产品的选项包括但不限于再利用、再循环、回收、再制造、转化为能源、焚烧、堆肥、燃烧、消化/呼吸或作为废物丢弃。材料在相同或其他应用中进入后续生命周期，减少了主要原材料的投入，并影响了废物量。 生命周期评价将需要确定是否预期实现环境影响减少，以及每个具体应用的程度。寿命终止管理会影响整个寿命周期评估。 4.3 在生命周期评估中应用回收分配方法有助于评估潜在的环境影响，这可能是有益的，也可能是有害的。 4.4 作为良好生命周期评价实践的一部分，从业者应在敏感性分析中考虑回收。 4.5 生命周期评价从业者应确保与ISO标准的相关规定保持一致。 4.6 回收分配可以在两个不同的产品系统之间分割流量和影响。

1.1 This guide illustrates alternative allocation approaches that provide options for modeling secondary material flows and related recycling scenarios within a life cycle assessment (LCA) study. It helps practitioners characterize and understand materials recycling across industries; provides the available methodologies for consideration of the environmental impacts that are attributed to material and product flows in LCA; aids in assessment of the overall life cycle of systems and understanding of materials; and supports life cycle management. 1.2 The guide is not intended to contradict or circumvent the LCA provisions of ISO 14025, ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO 14067, ISO/TR 14049, or ISO 21930. When conflicts arise related to LCA, the guidance of those ISO standards takes precedence. 1.3 The following seven material-specific appendixes are included: Title Appendix Recycling of Copper Appendix X1 Recycling of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum Appendix X2 Recycling of Glass Appendix X3 Recycling of Plastics Appendix X4 Recycling of Post-consumer (PC) Gypsum Appendix X5 Recycling of Stainless Steel Appendix X6 Recycling of Supplementary Cementitious Materials Appendix X7 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 LCAs can help to identify some of the potential environmental impacts of products or services throughout the entire life cycle. In a life cycle inventory analysis, emissions into the air; discharges into the water and soil; and product, material, and energy flows at all stages of a product’s life cycle are compiled and quantified. The resulting life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) converts the quantified parameters into environmental impact categories. 4.2 Options for managing products at their end of life (EOL) can include, but are not limited to, re-using, recycling, recovering, remanufacturing, converting to energy, incinerating, composting, combustion, digestion/respiration, or discarding as waste. Materials enter subsequent life cycle(s), either in the same or in other applications, reducing the input of primary raw material and impacting the amount of waste. LCA will be required to determine if environmental impact reductions are expected to be realized and to what extent for each specific application. The end-of-life management can impact the overall life cycle assessment. 4.3 The application of an allocation method for recycling in life cycle assessments is useful in assessing potential environmental impacts, which may be either beneficial or adverse. 4.4 As part of good LCA practice, practitioners should consider recycling in the sensitivity analysis. 4.5 LCA practitioners are expected to ensure consistency and conformance with the relevant provisions of ISO standards. 4.6 Allocation for recycling can split the flows and impacts between two different product systems.