1.1 本文件涵盖了进行电离辐射对材料、产品和生物样品影响研究所需的剂量测定的基本建议。此类研究包括建立吸收剂量和相关效果之间的定量关系。本文件还描述了此类研究中剂量测定的总体需求，以及结果报告。剂量测定应被视为实验的一个组成部分，研究人员有责任确保所用剂量测定系统的准确性和适用性。 注1: 对于涉及食品的研究，请注意，食品法典委员会制定了一项国际通用标准和一项业务守则，涉及电离辐射在食品处理中的应用，并强烈强调剂量测定在确保正确进行辐照方面的作用 ( 1. ) . 2. 注2: 本文档以注释的形式包含教程信息。研究人员还应参考标准末尾提供的参考文献和其他适用的科学文献，以协助应用于剂量测定的实验方法 ( 2- 5. ) . 1.2 本文件涵盖了使用以下类型电离辐射进行的研究:伽马辐射（通常来自钴-60或铯-137源）、X辐射（韧致辐射，通常能量在50keV到7.5MeV之间）和电子（通常能量在80keV到10MeV以上）。 参见ISO/ASTM 51608 , 51649 , 51818 和 51702 . 1.3 本文件描述了建立实验方法的剂量测定建议。它不包括辐照设施的安装鉴定或操作鉴定的剂量测定建议。这些受试者在ISO/ASTM中接受治疗 51608 , 51649 , 51818 和 51702 . 1.4 本文件并非旨在限制研究人员在确定实验方法时的灵活性。该文件的目的是确保选择辐射源和实验方法，使实验结果对其他科学家和监管机构有用和理解。 在解释研究结果时，应考虑吸收剂量测量结果的总不确定度和辐照样品内的吸收剂量变化（见ISO/ASTM指南 51707 ). 1.5 本文件是一套标准之一，为在辐射处理中正确实施剂量测定提供了建议，并描述了实现符合ISO/ASTM要求的方法 52628 因此，本文件旨在与ISO/ASTM一起阅读 52628 . 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 可靠的剂量测定对于研究电离辐射对材料和产品的影响是必不可少的。 如果没有可靠的剂量测定，就无法得出有效的结论，或者可能得出错误的结论。 4.2 本文件旨在为电离辐射对材料和产品影响的研究和实验以及剂量测定结果的报告提供如何进行剂量测定的指导。不同类型的实验对剂量测定和剂量范围的要求可能有所不同。 4.3 正确报告照射方式很重要，因为辐射效应的程度可能是除吸收剂量外的各种因素的函数，如辐射源、- 剂量率、入射辐射的能量、辐射期间的环境条件以及入射辐射的类型。本文件试图强调其他研究人员重复实验所需的信息，包括吸收剂量测量的方法和结果。 4.4 在大多数情况下，实验应设计为尽可能均匀地照射样品。在实践中，吸收剂量会在整个样品中存在一定的变化。吸收剂量映射用于确定最大值的大小、位置和再现性( D 最大值 )和最小吸收剂量( D 最小值 )对于给定的一组实验参数。用于剂量映射的剂量计必须能够在预期剂量范围内工作，并且必须具有足够的空间分辨率来确定可能的剂量梯度（见ISO/ASTM 52303 ). 4.5 计算机模拟可能会提供有关辐照样品中吸收剂量分布的有用信息，尤其是在材料界面附近（见ASTM 第232页 )，但不能替代剂量测定。

1.1 This document covers essential recommendations for dosimetry needed to conduct research on the effects of ionizing radiation on materials, products and biological samples. Such research includes establishment of the quantitative relationship between absorbed dose and the relevant effects. This document also describes the overall need for dosimetry in such research, and for reporting of the results. Dosimetry should be considered an integral part of the experiment, and the researcher is responsible for ensuring the accuracy and applicability of the dosimetry system used. Note 1: For research involving food products, note that the Codex Alimentarius Commission has developed an international General Standard and a Code of Practice that address the application of ionizing radiation to the treatment of foods and which strongly emphasizes the role of dosimetry for ensuring that irradiation will be properly performed ( 1 ) . 2 Note 2: This document includes tutorial information in the form of Notes. Researchers should also refer to the references provided at the end of the standard, and other applicable scientific literature, to assist in the experimental methodology as applied to dosimetry ( 2- 5 ) . 1.2 This document covers research conducted using the following types of ionizing radiation: gamma radiation (typically from Cobalt-60 or Cesium-137 sources), X-radiation (bremsstrahlung, typically with energies between 50 keV and 7.5 MeV), and electrons (typically with energies ranging from 80 keV to more than 10 MeV). See ISO/ASTM 51608 , 51649 , 51818 and 51702 . 1.3 This document describes dosimetry recommendations for establishing the experimental method. It does not include dosimetry recommendations for installation qualification or operational qualification of the irradiation facility. These subjects are treated in ISO/ASTM 51608 , 51649 , 51818 and 51702 . 1.4 This document is not intended to limit the flexibility of the researcher in the determination of the experimental methodology. The purpose of the document is to ensure that the radiation source and experimental methodology are chosen such that the results of the experiment will be useful and understandable to other scientists and regulatory agencies. The total uncertainty in the absorbed-dose measurement results and the absorbed-dose variation within the irradiated sample should be taken into account in the interpretation of the research results (see ISO/ASTM Guide 51707 ). 1.5 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM 52628 . This document is thus intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628 . 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Reliable dosimetry is indispensable for research on the effects of ionizing radiation on materials and products. Without reliable dosimetry valid conclusions cannot be reached, or the wrong conclusions might be reached. 4.2 This document is intended to provide direction on how to conduct dosimetry for research and experiments on the effects of ionizing radiation on materials and products, and on the reporting of dosimetry results. Requirements on dosimetry and on dose ranges might differ between the various types of experiments to be carried out. 4.3 Proper reporting of the manner in which the irradiation was carried out is important since the degree of radiation effect might be a function of various factors, other than absorbed dose, such as the radiation source, the absorbed-dose rate, energy of the incident radiation, ambient environmental conditions during irradiation, and the type of incident radiation. This document attempts to highlight the information, including the methodology and results of the absorbed-dose measurements, necessary for an experiment to be repeatable by other researchers. 4.4 In most cases an experiment should be designed to irradiate the sample as uniformly as possible. In practice, a certain variation in absorbed dose will exist throughout the sample. Absorbed-dose mapping is used to determine the magnitude, location, and reproducibility of the maximum ( D max ) and minimum absorbed dose ( D min ) for a given set of experimental parameters. Dosimeters used for dose mapping must be capable of operation over the expected range of doses and must have sufficient spatial resolution to determine likely dose gradients (see ISO/ASTM 52303 ). 4.5 Computer simulations might provide useful information about absorbed-dose distribution in the irradiated sample, especially near material interfaces (see ASTM E2232 ), but are not a substitute for dosimetry.