1.1 这些测试方法包括测试液体、高粘度、固体或凝固状态的粘合剂的程序，这些粘合剂拟通过电子加热固化，或拟提供电绝缘，或拟用于电气设备。 1.2 程序按以下顺序出现: (1) 使用前测试粘合剂的程序: 部分 液体胶粘剂的功率因数和介电常数 7. 直流电导率 8. 萃取电导率 9 酸度和碱度 10 pH值 11 (2) 测试所用粘合剂性能的程序: 部分 干燥或固化粘合剂的功率因数和介电常数 电影 12 介电强度 13 体积电阻率和表面电阻率 14 电弧电阻 15 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险声明，请参阅 8.2 . 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 绝缘材料用于将电气系统的部件彼此隔离和与地面隔离，并为部件提供机械支撑。为此，通常希望绝缘电阻尽可能高，与可接受的机械、化学和耐热性能一致。由于绝缘电阻或电导结合了体积和表面电阻或电导，当试样和电极的形状与实际使用中要求的形状相同时，其测量值最有用。 表面电阻或电导随湿度迅速变化，而体积电阻或电导变化缓慢，尽管最终的变化可能会更大。 4.2 电阻率或电导率用于间接预测某些材料的低频介电击穿和损耗因子特性。电阻率或电导率通常用于间接测量含水量、固化程度、机械连续性和各种类型的劣化。这些间接测量的有用性取决于通过支持理论或实验研究建立的相关性程度。表面电阻的降低将导致由于电场强度降低而导致介质击穿电压升高，或由于受力面积增加而导致介质击穿电压降低。 4.3 所有介电电阻或电导率取决于通电时间的长度和施加电压的值（除通常的环境变量外）。必须知道这些，才能使电阻或电导的测量值有意义。 4.4 体积电阻率或电导率用于帮助设计特定应用的绝缘体。电阻率或电导率随温度和湿度的变化可能很大，在设计工作条件时必须知道。体积电阻率或电导率测定通常用于检查绝缘材料的均匀性，无论是在加工方面，还是检测影响材料质量且可能无法通过其他方法检测到的导电杂质。 4.5 体积电阻率大于10 21 Ω·cm（10 19 Ω·m），考虑到常用测量设备的局限性，其有效性值得怀疑。 4.6 表面电阻或电导无法准确测量，只能近似测量，因为测量中总是涉及一定程度的体积电阻或电导。测量值也受到表面污染的影响。表面污染及其累积速度受许多因素的影响，包括静电电荷和界面张力。反过来，这些可能会影响表面电阻率。当涉及污染时，表面电阻率或电导率可被视为与材料特性相关，但不是通常意义上的材料特性。

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing adhesives in liquid, highly viscous, solid, or set states, that are intended to be cured by electronic heating, or that are intended to provide electrical insulation, or that are intended for use in electrical apparatus. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: (1) Procedure for Testing Adhesives Before Use: Section Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Liquid Adhesives 7 Direct-Current Conductivity 8 Extract Conductivity 9 Acidity and Alkalinity 10 pH Value 11 (2) Procedures for Testing Properties of Adhesives As Used: Section Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of a Dried or Cured Adhesive  Film 12 Dielectric Strength 13 Volume and Surface Resistivity 14 Arc Resistance 15 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.2 . 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Insulating materials are used to isolate components of an electrical system from each other and from ground, as well as to provide mechanical support for the components. For this purpose, it is generally desirable to have the insulation resistance as high as possible, consistent with acceptable mechanical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties. Since insulation resistance or conductance combines both volume and surface resistance or conductance, its measured value is most useful when the test specimen and electrodes have the same form as is required in actual use. Surface resistance or conductance changes rapidly with humidity, while volume resistance or conductance changes slowly although the final change may eventually be greater. 4.2 Resistivity or conductivity is used to predict, indirectly, the low-frequency dielectric breakdown and dissipation factor properties of some materials. Resistivity or conductivity is often used as an indirect measure of moisture content, degree of cure, mechanical continuity, and deterioration of various types. The usefulness of these indirect measurements is dependent on the degree of correlation established by supporting theoretical or experimental investigations. A decrease of surface resistance will result either in an increase of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the electric field intensity is reduced, or a decrease of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the area under stress is increased. 4.3 All the dielectric resistances or conductances depend on the length of time of electrification and on the value of applied voltage (in addition to the usual environmental variables). These must be known to make the measured value of resistance or conductance meaningful. 4.4 Volume resistivity or conductivity is used as an aid in designing an insulator for a specific application. The change of resistivity or conductivity with temperature and humidity may be great, and must be known when designing for operating conditions. Volume resistivity or conductivity determinations are often used in checking the uniformity of an insulating material, either with regard to processing or to detect conductive impurities that affect the quality of the material and that may not be readily detectable by other methods. 4.5 Volume resistivities above 10 21 Ω·cm (10 19 Ω·m), obtained on specimens under usual laboratory conditions, are of doubtful validity, considering the limitations of commonly used measuring equipment. 4.6 Surface resistance or conductance cannot be measured accurately, only approximated, because some degree of volume resistance or conductance is always involved in the measurement. The measured value is also affected by the surface contamination. Surface contamination, and its rate of accumulation, is affected by many factors including electrostatic charging and interfacial tension. These, in turn, may affect the surface resistivity. Surface resistivity or conductivity can be considered to be related to material properties when contamination is involved but is not a material property in the usual sense.