本文件提供了轮齿磨损和失效的一般模式的术语。它对最常见的故障类型进行分类、识别和描述，并提供信息，在许多情况下，使用户能够识别故障模式并评估程度或与原始条件的变化。 本文件基于钢制齿轮的经验；然而，所讨论的许多失效模式适用于其他材料制成的齿轮。并非所有可能发生在其他类型齿轮上的故障模式都包括在内，例如塑料、青铜或粉末金属齿轮。 许多齿轮问题的解决方案需要专家进行详细调查和分析，超出了本文件的范围。 本文件仅规定了有助于在运行一段时间后识别和报告齿轮外观和状况的术语。对于所描述的任何情况，均未讨论原因和预防措施。 在本文件中，齿轮指的是齿轮和小齿轮，除非具体标识了齿轮。 本文件未定义“齿轮故障”。

This document provides nomenclature for general modes of gear tooth wear and failure. It classifies, identifies, and describes the most common types of failure and provides information that, in many cases, enables the user to identify failure modes and evaluate the degree or change from original condition. This document is based on experience with steel gears; however, many of the failure modes discussed apply to gears made from other materials. Not all failure modes that can occur on other types of gears, such as plastic, bronze, or powder metal gears, are included. The solution to many gear problems requires detailed investigation and analysis by specialists and is beyond the scope of this document. This document specifies only the terminology intended to help with the identification and reporting of the appearance and conditions of gears after a period of operation. Neither causes nor preventive measures for any condition described are discussed. In this document, gear refers to both gear wheels and pinions, unless the gear is specifically identified. This document does not define “gear failure”.